Answer
✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:
1 عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه قَالَ: صَلَاةُ الْكُسُوفِ فَرِيضَةٌ.
📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 290
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'The eclipse prayer is an obligatory prayer.'
2 عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه قَالَ: قَالَ: وَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الْكُسُوفِ فِي السَّاعَةِ الَّتِي تَنْكَسِفُ عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ وَ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِهَا الْحَدِيثَ.
📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 464
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'The time for the eclipse prayer is when the eclipse occurs, at the time of sunrise or sunset...'
3 عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ أَنَّهُمَا قَالا قُلْنَا لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ أَ تُقْضَى صَلَاةُ الْكُسُوفِ وَ مَنْ إِذَا أَصْبَحَ فَعَلِمَ وَ إِذَا أَمْسَى فَعَلِمَ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ الْقُرْصَانِ احْتَرَقَا كِلَاهُمَا [کلهما] قَضَيْتَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا احْتَرَقَ بَعْضُهُمَا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ قَضَاؤُهُ.
📚Al-Faqih, Vol. 1, p. 549
Fudayl and Muhammad ibn Muslim said: 'We said to Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): 'Does the eclipse prayer have a make-up? And a person who becomes aware of it when it is morning and a person who becomes aware of it when it is night, should he perform the make-up?' He said: 'If the whole disk of the sun or moon has been eclipsed, you should perform the make-up, and if only a part of them has been eclipsed, it is not your duty to perform the make-up.'
4 عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه قَالَ: إِذَا انْكَسَفَ الْقَمَرُ فَاسْتَيْقَظَ الرَّجُلُ فَكَسِلَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ مِنْ غَدٍ وَ لْيَقْضِ الصَّلَاةَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَيْقِظْ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِانْكِسَافِ الْقَمَرِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا الْقَضَاءُ بِغَيْرِ غُسْلٍ.
📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 157
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'When a lunar eclipse occurs and a person wakes up and is lazy to pray, he must perform a full-body ritual wash (ghusl) the next day and must perform the make-up prayer. And if he does not wake up and does not become aware of the lunar eclipse, it is only his duty to perform the make-up prayer without the full-body ritual wash!'
5 عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّه إِذَا انْكَسَفَ الْقَمَرُ وَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ بِهِ حَتَّى أَصْبَحْتَ ثُمَّ بَلَغَكَ فَإِنْ كَانَ احْتَرَقَ كُلُّهُ فَعَلَيْكَ الْقَضَاءُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ احْتَرَقَ كُلُّهُ فَلَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْكَ.
📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 157
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'When a lunar eclipse occurs and you are not aware of it until you wake up in the morning and then its news reaches you, then if the whole of it was eclipsed, it is your duty to perform its make-up, and if the whole of it was not eclipsed, it is not your duty to perform its make-up.'
7 عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه قَالَ: إِذَا انْكَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ كُلُّهَا وَ احْتَرَقَتْ وَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ ثُمَّ عَلِمْتَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَيْكَ الْقَضَاءُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَحْتَرِقْ كُلُّهَا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ قَضَاءٌ.
📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 465
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'When a total lunar or solar eclipse occurs and you did not know about it and then you became aware of it, it is your duty to perform its make-up, and if it was not a total eclipse, it is not your duty to perform its make-up.'
✅It is clear from the above narrations and others that the eclipse prayer is an obligatory prayer whose time begins from the moment the sun or moon is eclipsed and continues until the end of the eclipse. And if a person is lazy to pray the eclipse prayer despite being aware of the solar or lunar eclipse, according to narration 4, he must perform a full-body ritual wash (ghusl) and perform the make-up prayer.
And also, according to narration 4 and others, a person who does not become aware of the solar or lunar eclipse and becomes aware of it afterward, if the disk of the moon or sun was totally eclipsed, he must perform the make-up prayer, and if only a part of it was eclipsed, it is not his duty to perform the make-up prayer.
Performing the make-up of the Salat al-Ayat
✅Please also refer to the following two links:
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ
وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ