✅Answer: Masturbation is the seeking of semen with an act other than intercourse, which can have various methods.

✅First, please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 عَنْ عَبْداَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ اَلْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْداَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَعْبَثُ بِأَهْلِهِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى يُمْنِيَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ اَلْكَفَّارَةِ مِثْلُ مَا عَلَى اَلَّذِي يُجَامِعُ

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 102

Abdul Rahman ibn Hajjaj said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a man who fondles and plays with his wife in the month of Ramadan until semen is discharged from him;

The Imam said: There is a kaffarah upon him, like what is upon someone who has intercourse!

2 عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَزِقَ بِأَهْلِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ قَالَ: عَلَيْهِ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً مُدٌّ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِين.

📚Tahdhib al-Ahkam, Vol. 4, p. 320

Sam'ah said: I asked Imam (Sadiq) (peace be upon him) about a man who clings to his wife (in the month of Ramadan) and semen is discharged from him; the Imam said: He must feed sixty poor people, a mudd for each poor person!

3 عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قال: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْداَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ جَسَدِ اِمْرَأَتِهِ فَأَدْفَقَ فَقَالَ كَفَّارَتُهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ أَوْ يُطْعِمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً أَوْ يُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً

📚Tahdhib al-Ahkam, Vol. 4, p. 320

Abu Basir said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a man who places his hand on a part of his wife's body, and semen is discharged from him;

The Imam said: (He must pay a kaffarah) and the kaffarah is to fast for two consecutive months, or to feed sixty poor people, or to free a slave!

4 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ هَلْ يُبَاشِرُ اَلصَّائِمُ أَوْ يُقَبِّلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْهِ فَلْيَتَنَزَّهْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَثِقَ أَنْ لاَ يَسْبِقَهُ مَنِيُّهُ.

📚Tahdhib al-Ahkam, Vol. 4, p. 271

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) was asked: Should a fasting man in the month of Ramadan cling to his wife's body or kiss her?

The Imam said: I fear for him from this act. He should avoid this act, unless he is certain that his semen will not precede him (and be discharged)!

5 عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْداَللَّه عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَمَسُّ مِنَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ شَيْئاً أَ يُفْسِدُ ذَلِكَ صَوْمَهُ أَوْ يَنْقُضُهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ يُكْرَهُ لِلرَّجُلِ اَلشَّابِّ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَسْبِقَهُ اَلْمَنِيُّ

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 104

Halabi said: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) was asked about a man who touches something of a woman's (body), does this act corrupt his fast or nullify it? The Imam said: This act is disliked for a young man, for fear that semen will precede him (and be discharged)!

6 عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْداَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ لاَ يُفَطِّرُ اَلاِحْتِلاَمُ اَلصَّائِمَ وَ اَلنِّكَاحُ يُفَطِّرُ اَلصَّائِمَ قَالَ لِأَنَّ اَلنِّكَاحَ فِعْلُهُ وَ اَلاِحْتِلاَمَ مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ

📚Ilal al-Shara'i, Vol. 2, p. 379

Umar ibn Yazid said: I said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): Why does a wet dream not invalidate the fast while intercourse does? The Imam said: Because intercourse is the act of the fasting person, but a wet dream is an involuntary matter!

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 540

7 عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْداللَّهِ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَنْكِحُ بَهِيمَةً أَوْ يَدْلُكُ فَقَالَ كُلُّ مَا أَنْزَلَ بِهِ الرَّجُلُ مَاءَهُ فی هَذَا وَ شِبْهِهِ فَهُوَ زِنًا.

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said about a person who has intercourse with an animal or masturbates with his hand: Whatever a man expels his water and semen with from this or something similar, then that is adultery!

📚Al-Faqih, Vol. 2, p. 114

8 عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْداللَّهِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ یَلْصَقُ بِأَهْلِهِ فِی شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ مَا لَمْ یَخَفْ عَلَی نَفْسِهِ فَلَا بَأْسَ.

Sam'ah narrated from Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a man who clings to his wife in the month of Ramadan, he said: There is no problem as long as he does not fear (ejaculation or intercourse) for himself!

https://feghh14.com/en

📚Al-Faqih, Vol. 3, p. 378

9 عَنْ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْهَرَوِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ آبَائِكَ فِيمَنْ جَامَعَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ أَفْطَرَ فِيهِ ثَلَاثُ كَفَّارَاتٍ وَ رُوِيَ عَنْهُمْ أَيْضاً كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَبِأَيِّ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ نَأْخُذُ قَالَ بِهِمَا جَمِيعاً مَتَى جَامَعَ الرَّجُلُ حَرَاماً أَوْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى حَرَامٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَعَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثُ كَفَّارَاتٍ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ وَ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ وَ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ نَكَحَ حَلَالًا أَوْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى حَلَالٍ فَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَ نَاسِياً فَلَا شَيْ ءَ عَلَيْهِ.

📚Uyun Akhbar al-Ridha, Vol. 1, p. 314

📚Ma'ani al-Akhbar, p. 389

Harawi said: I said to Imam Reza (peace be upon him): O son of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family), from your ancestors, three kaffarahs have been narrated to us about a person who has intercourse or breaks his fast in the month of Ramadan, and also one kaffarah has been narrated. Which hadith should we act upon? The Imam said: Act upon both: In this way, whenever a person has unlawful intercourse in the month of Ramadan or breaks his fast with something unlawful, three kaffarahs are upon him: freeing a slave, fasting for two consecutive months, and feeding 60 poor people, along with making up that fast. And if he has lawful intercourse or breaks his fast with something lawful, one kaffarah is upon him. And if it is out of forgetfulness, nothing is upon him!

📚Al-Faqih, Vol. 2, p. 118

10 عَنْ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَسَدِيِّ فِيمَا وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الشَّيْخِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ الْعَمْرِيِّ يَعْنِي عَنِ الْمَهْدِيِّ فِيمَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَعَمِّداً بِجِمَاعٍ مُحَرَّمٍ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ بِطَعَامٍ مُحَرَّمٍ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثَ كَفَّارَاتٍ

It is narrated from our master Imam Mahdi (peace be upon him) about a person who intentionally breaks his fast for one day of Ramadan with intercourse that is unlawful for him or with food that is unlawful for him, that three kaffarahs are upon him.

✅Based on the above narrations and others, it is clear that in addition to intercourse, performing any act, such as touching a woman and clinging to her, etc., that leads to ejaculation and the discharge of semen, if it results in ejaculation and the discharge of semen, it invalidates and breaks the fast and necessitates kaffarah. And in fact, what invalidates the fast is ejaculation and the discharge of semen, and its مقدمات (preliminaries) such as kissing, touching, and clinging, etc., if the person is sure of himself and does not fear that it will lead to the semen preceding him, do not create a problem for the fast, as mentioned in hadith 4, 8, and others.

Of course, a wet dream, which is an involuntary matter, does not invalidate the fast.

✅Therefore, the criterion for invalidating the fast is the discharge of semen through acts that lead to ejaculation and the discharge of semen.

And it is clear that masturbation that leads to ejaculation and the discharge of semen is a clear example of this and it invalidates the fast and necessitates qada and kaffarah.

✅According to narrations 1, 2, 3, and others, if someone masturbates by fondling and playing with his wife or clinging to her or touching her and similar cases, his kaffarah is to fast for sixty consecutive days, or to feed sixty poor people, or to free a slave, and one of the examples of this is masturbation with the hand.

✅Of course, according to narration 7 and others, masturbation is also unlawful, and according to narrations 9 and 10, which state that one of the cases for the necessity of the collective kaffarah is breaking the fast with something unlawful, and breaking the fast with masturbation can be an example of breaking the fast with something unlawful, it is good to act with caution in this matter by paying the collective kaffarah so that, if Allah wills, with the reappearance of our master Imam Mahdi (peace be upon him), we can achieve complete knowledge regarding the necessity of a single kaffarah or a collective kaffarah. Therefore, we should murmur the following supplication more than ever:

✅Those who, Allah forbid, have in the past broken their fast with masturbation and would like to perform the collective kaffarah for caution but do not have the strength, ability, or means to do so, should refer to the following link:

اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر

https://feghh14.com/en/603

✅Furthermore, a woman who has masturbated (istishha') and has reached the point of ejaculation is also subject to the above rulings.

https://feghh14.com/en