✅ Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه قَالَ: الْمُكَارِي وَ الْجَمَّالُ الَّذِي يَخْتَلِفُ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مُقَامٌ يُتِمُّ الصَّلَاةَ وَ يَصُومُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 128

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'A Mukari, meaning a person who rents out his mount (i.e., someone who rents out his mount to transport goods and passengers), and a camel driver who travels and does not stay, should perform their prayer in full and fast during the month of Ramadan.'

2 عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَرْبَعَةٌ قَدْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمُ التَّمَامُ فِي سَفَرٍ كَانُوا أَوْ حَضَرٍ الْمُكَارِي وَ الْكَرِيُّ وَ الرَّاعِي وَ الْأَشْتَقَانُ لِأَنَّهُ عَمَلُهُمْ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 436

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: 'Four groups, whether they are traveling or at home, are obligated to complete (their prayer and fasting): the Mukari, meaning the one who rents out the mount, and the Kari, meaning the one who rents it (or the renter), and the shepherd, and the mail carrier (or the guardian and trustee of the granaries), because this (travel) is their work and profession.'

3 عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه قَالَ: خَمْسَةٌ يُتِمُّونَ فِي سَفَرٍ كَانُوا أَوْ حَضَرٍ الْمُكَارِي وَ الْكَرِيُّ وَ الْأَشْتَقَانُ وَ هُوَ الْبَرِيدُ وَ الرَّاعِي وَ الْمَلَّاحُ لِأَنَّهُ عَمَلُهُمْ.

📚 Al-Khisal, p. 302

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'Five groups, whether they are traveling or at home, should perform (their prayer and fasting) in full: the Mukari, meaning the one who rents out the mount, and the Kari, meaning the one who rents it, and the Ushtaqan, who are the mail carriers, and the shepherd, and the sailor, because (travel) is their work, profession, and trade.'

4 عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي زِيَادٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَبْعَةٌ لَا يُقَصِّرُونَ الصَّلَاةَ الْجَابِي الَّذِي يَدُورُ فِي جِبَايَتِهِ وَ الْأَمِيرُ الَّذِي يَدُورُ فِي إِمَارَتِهِ وَ التَّاجِرُ الَّذِي يَدُورُ فِي تِجَارَتِهِ مِنْ سُوقٍ إِلَى سُوقٍ وَ الرَّاعِي وَ الْبَدَوِيُّ الَّذِي يَطْلُبُ مَوَاضِعَ الْقَطْرِ وَ مَنْبِتَ الشَّجَرِ وَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي يَطْلُبُ الصَّيْدَ يُرِيدُ بِهِ لَهْوَ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْمُحَارِبُ الَّذِي يَقْطَعُ السَّبِيلَ.

📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 214

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: 'Seven people should not shorten their prayer:

The tax collector who travels within his jurisdiction

And the ruler who travels within his rule

And the merchant who travels within his trade from one market to another

And the shepherd

And the desert dweller who seeks places where rain falls and plants grow

And the person who seeks prey and his intention for the hunt is worldly amusement

And the fighter who robs travelers.'

5 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ فُضَيْلٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَن قَالَ: كُلُّ مَا افْتَتَحَ الرَّجُلُ بِهِ رِزْقَهُ فَهُوَ تِجَارَةٌ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 305

Imam Kadhim (peace be upon him) said: 'Whatever a person uses to earn their livelihood, then that is trade.'

✅ In the above narrations and similar ones, individuals who are constantly on the move and do not have a residence, and whose travel is considered their work and profession, are commanded to perform their prayer and fasting in full.

On the other hand, some of the categories mentioned in the above narrations, such as 'the merchant,' also have some general meanings that include other means of earning a livelihood.

✅ In total, those who, for the sake of earning a living, go to workshops, factories, and companies that are located outside the city and are more than four farsakhs away, and constantly travel to their workplace, their prayer and fasting are complete. This is because they do not have a residence and travel is their work and profession, and they travel on all or most days to earn a living and are also included in the general meaning of 'merchant,' which is mentioned in hadith 5.

✅ The meaning of 'residence' is that a person stays in a city or a place for ten days or more.

✅ Today, many factories are built outside of cities, and their workers leave the city every working day to go to their workplace. If they travel more than four farsakhs away from their city, they are considered travelers, but for the reasons mentioned, their prayer and fasting are complete.

اللَّهُمَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ