Question 513: Can one acquire work tools for (low-income) individuals and rent them out to them?
Answer
✅Answer: Please refer to the following narration:
1 عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْمُرْتَضَى فِي رِسَالَةِ الْمُحْكَمِ وَ الْمُتَشَابِهِ نَقْلًا مِنْ تَفْسِيرِ النُّعْمَانِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي بَيَانِ مَعَايِشِ الْخَلْقِ قَالَ: وَ أَمَّا وَجْهُ الْإِجَارَةِ فَقَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ نَحْنُ قَسَمْنا بَيْنَهُمْ مَعِيشَتَهُمْ فِي الْحَياةِ الدُّنْيا وَ رَفَعْنا بَعْضَهُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجاتٍ لِيَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضاً سُخْرِيًّا وَ رَحْمَتُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ مِمَّا يَجْمَعُونَ [۱] فَأَخْبَرَنَا سُبْحَانَهُ أَنَّ الْإِجَارَةَ أَحَدُ مَعَايِشِ الْخَلْقِ إِذْ خَالَفَ بِحِكْمَتِهِ بَيْنَ هِمَمِهِمْ وَ إِرَادَتِهِمْ وَ سَائِرِ حَالاتِهِمْ وَ جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ قِوَاماً لِمَعَايِشِ الْخَلْقِ وَ هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَسْتَأْجِرُ الرَّجُلَ فِي ضَيْعَتِهِ وَ أَعْمَالِهِ وَ أَحْكَامِهِ وَ تَصَرُّفَاتِهِ وَ أَمْلَاكِهِ وَ لَوْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَّا يُضْطَرُّ إِلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ بَنَّاءً لِنَفْسِهِ أَوْ نَجَّاراً أَوْ صَانِعاً فِي شَيْ ءٍ مِنْ جَمِيعِ أَنْوَاعِ الصَّنَائِعِ لِنَفْسِهِ وَ يَتَوَلَّى جَمِيعَ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ إِصْلَاحِ الثِّيَابِ وَ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمِلْكِ فَمَنْ دُونَهُ مَا اسْتَقَامَتْ أَحْوَالُ الْعَالَمِ بِذَلِكَ وَ لَا اتَّسَعُوا لَهُ وَ لَعَجَزُوا عَنْهُ وَ لَكِنَّهُ أَتْقَنَ تَدْبِيرَهُ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِ بَيْنَ هِمَمِهِمْ وَ كُلَّ مَا يَطْلُبُ مِمَّا تَنْصَرِفُ إِلَيْهِ هِمَّتُهُ مِمَّا يَقُومُ بِهِ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ وَ لِيَسْتَغْنِيَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ فِي أَبْوَابِ الْمَعَايِشِ الَّتِي بِهَا صَلَاحُ أَحْوَالِهِمْ.
📚Al-Muhkam wa al-Mutashabih p. 59
[1]: -Al-Zukhruf 43- Verse 32
Ali, peace be upon him, said: As for the aspect of leasing in this verse: 'We have distributed their livelihood among them in the life of this world, and We have raised some of them above others in degrees, so that some of them may take others in service, and the mercy of your Lord is better than what they accumulate.' {We have distributed their livelihood among them in the life of this world, and We have raised some of them above others in degrees so that some of them may take others in service, and the mercy of your Lord is better than what they accumulate.} In this verse, God Almighty indicates that leasing is one of the means of livelihood for people. This is because God Almighty, in His wisdom, has made the wills, efforts, and other circumstances of people different to establish their life. And that is by a person hiring another for his property, garden, works, possessions, and estates. And if each of us, from the king to others, were forced to be a builder, carpenter, and maker of all crafts for himself and to take care of his own needs, the affairs of the world would not be straight and proper, and it would not contain it, and they would be unable to do so. But God, with His planning, made their efforts different, and so each person moves toward what his effort is directed, which results in one group undertaking the works of another, and in the chapters of livelihoods that are suitable for their condition, some of them are enriched by others.
✅In multiple narrations, one of which was mentioned, one of the means of lawful provision is leasing, through which people lease themselves, their properties, homes, mounts, or belongings to others.
✅Also, in the narration from 📚Wasail al-Shi'a vol. 13, p. 242, Imam al-Sadiq, peace be upon him, mentioned one of the means of livelihood for servants as leasing one's self (i.e., being a laborer), and leasing a house, land, or anything that a person owns and from which one can benefit and profit.
✅Regarding our question, a person, by buying the tools and equipment for a job, becomes their owner, and these tools and equipment have a benefit from which profit can be earned. The owner of these items has the legal right to sell, gift, and dispose of them, and among other things, he can lease them to another person. The permissibility of leasing it is not conditional on the lessee being poor or rich, and in light of the mentioned legal principles, there is no prohibition on leasing the purchased work tools to another person.
اللَّهُمَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ