Question 322: Is it a problem to take pictures and videos of living beings?
Answer
✅ Answer: First, pay attention to a few of the following narrations:
1 عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَتَانِي جَبْرَئِيلُ وَ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ وَ يَنْهَى عَنْ تَزْوِيقِ الْبُيُوتِ قَالَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ فَقُلْتُ مَا تَزْوِيقُ الْبُيُوتِ فَقَالَ تَصَاوِيرُ التَّمَاثِيلِ
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 6, p. 527
Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Gabriel came to me and said: 'O Muhammad, your Lord sends you greetings and forbids you from decorating houses.'' Abu Basir said: I asked: 'What is decorating houses?' He said: 'Pictures of statues.'
✅ According to the language and narrations, 'taswir' (picturing/imaging) refers to both drawing a living being on paper and so on and making a statue of it. For a more detailed explanation, one should refer to question 153 of the channel.
2 قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ثَلَاثَةٌ مُعَذَّبُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ رَجُلٌ كَذَبَ فِي رُؤْيَاهُ يُكَلَّفُ أَنْ يَعْقِدَ بَيْنَ شَعِيرَتَيْنِ وَ لَيْسَ بِعَاقِدٍ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ رَجُلٌ صَوَّرَ تَمَاثِيلَ يُكَلَّفُ أَنْ يَنْفُخَ فِيهَا وَ لَيْسَ بِنَافِخ .....
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 6, p. 527
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'There are three groups who will be punished on the Day of Judgment: (one is) a man who lies about his dream (narrates a false dream), in which case he is tasked with tying a knot between two barley seeds and he cannot tie a knot, and another is a man who pictures statues (a face or a statue); he is tasked with breathing a spirit into that picture, and he cannot breathe it.'
3 أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ مِنْ أَكْلِ السُّحْتِ سَبْعَةً: الرِّشْوَةَ فِي الْحُكْمِ، .... وَ الَّذِينَ يُصَوِّرُونَ التَّمَاثِيل
Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'Among the seven forbidden and unlawful things are: bribery in a judgment... until he said: 'and those who make faces and statues.'
📚 Al-Usul al-Sitta 'Ashar p. 243
✅ Other narrations have also been mentioned condemning the drawing of pictures and the making of statues of living beings.
✅ Regarding pictures and statues of non-living beings, pay attention to the following narration:
4 عَنِ الْفَضْلِ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ ما يَشاءُ مِنْ مَحارِيبَ وَ تَماثِيلَ وَ جِفانٍ كَالْجَوابِ قَالَ مَا هِيَ تَمَاثِيلَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ وَ لَكِنَّهَا تَمَاثِيلُ الشَّجَرِ وَ شِبْهِهِ
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 6, p. 527
4 Fadl said: I said to Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): The verse 'They made for him whatever he wished, including sanctuaries, statues, large bowls like reservoirs, and cooking pots fixed in their places' [Saba', verse 13] (what is the meaning of it?) The Imam said: 'Those statues and pictures were not of men and women (i.e., not of living beings), but were of trees and the like.'
✅ It is clear from the above narrations that drawing a picture of a living being on paper, cloth, etc., and making a statue of a living being is severely forbidden and condemned by the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and this matter has no problem in the case of non-living beings.
✅ Pictures and videos taken by a camera, if they are brought onto paper, cloth, etc., are also subject to 'taswir' (picturing/imaging) and all the condemnations that are mentioned apply to them, because the only difference is that this picture is imprinted on paper and so on with a device and not with a hand.
✅ Today, by means of various cameras, pictures are placed on digital screens with light technology in the form of pixels next to each other so that these pixels show a complete picture, and sometimes they are made into a picture and sometimes into a video, which can be seen on the screen of a phone and so on. Narrations have not been received regarding these types of films and pictures that are taken with modern devices and are merely stored in the memory of a phone or computer and can only be seen with a device, and we are not certain that they are subject to 'taswir' (picturing/imaging), but on the other hand, it is a kind of image creation that has no external existence and can only be seen with a device. Therefore, this matter falls into the category of ambiguities, and precaution regarding it leads to salvation from forbidden things, because we do not have knowledge about whether it is included in the condemned 'taswir' or not, until, God willing, with the advent of the Imam of the Age (peace be upon him), we can ask him about its ruling.
5 عَنْ ابي جَعْفَر قَالَ: الْوُقُوفُ عِنْدَ الشُّبْهَةِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الِاقْتِحَام فِي الْهَلَكَةِ
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 1, p. 50
Translation: Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: 'Pausing at ambiguities is better than suddenly falling into destruction.'
✅ One should definitely refer to questions 153 and 227.