✅ Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 عَنْ أَبِی حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِیِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَاعَبْداللَّه یَقُولُ الْعَبْدُ بَیْنَ ثَلَاثٍ بَلَاءٍ وَ قَضَاءٍ وَ نِعْمَةٍ فَعَلَیْهِ لِلْبَلَاءِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الصَّبْرُ فَرِیضَةً وَ عَلَیْهِ لِلْقَضَاءِ مِنَ اللَّهِ التَّسْلِیمُ فَرِیضَةً وَ عَلَیْهِ لِلنِّعْمَةِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الشُّکْرُ فَرِیضَةً.

📚 Al-Mahasin p. 6

Abu Hamza says: I heard Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) say: A servant is between three things: affliction (balā'), divine decree (qaḍā'), and blessing (niʿma).

So regarding affliction from God (Allah), patience upon it is obligatory (farīḍa).

And regarding divine decree from God (Allah), submission to it is obligatory (farīḍa).

And regarding blessing from God (Allah), thankfulness for it is obligatory (farīḍa)!

2 عَنْ أَبِی حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِیِّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِاللَّهِ مَنِ ابْتُلِیَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ بِبَلَاءٍ فَصَبَرَ عَلَیْهِ کَانَ لَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ أَلْفِ شَهِیدٍ.

📚 Al-Kafi vol. 2 p. 92

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: Any believer who is afflicted with a calamity and is patient will have a reward like that of a thousand martyrs!

3 عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ قَالَ: مَنْ ضَرَبَ یَدَهُ عَلَی فَخِذِهِ عِنْدَ مُصِیبَةٍ حَبِطَ أَجْرُهُ.

📚 Al-Faqih vol. 4 p. 416

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: The reward of one who slaps his hand on his thigh at the time of a calamity is nullified!

4 عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِی جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا الْجَزَعُ قَالَ أَشَدُّ الْجَزَعِ الصُّرَاخُ بِالْوَیْلِ وَ الْعَوِیلِ وَ لَطْمُ الْوَجْهِ وَ الصَّدْرِ وَ جَزُّ الشَّعْرِ مِنَ النَّوَاصِی وَ مَنْ أَقَامَ النُّوَاحَةَ فَقَدْ تَرَکَ الصَّبْرَ وَ أَخَذَ فِی غَیْرِ طَرِیقِهِ الْحَدِیثَ.

📚 Al-Kafi vol. 3 p. 222

Jabir said: I asked Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): What is anxiety and impatience (jaza' and bi-tābi)? The Imam said: The most severe anxiety is crying out 'Woe!' and raising one's voice in weeping, and slapping the face and chest, and pulling out the hair from the front of the head. And one who employs a professional lamenter has abandoned patience and has gone against its way!

5 عن جَرَّاحٍ الْمَدَائِنِیِّ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْداللَّهِ قَالَ: لَا یَصْلُحُ الصِّیَاحُ عَلَی الْمَیِّتِ وَ لَا یَنْبَغِی وَ لَکِنَّ النَّاسَ لَا یَعْرِفُونَهُ وَ الصَّبْرُ خَیْرٌ.

📚 Al-Kafi vol. 3 p. 226

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: Crying out (shouting) over the deceased is not correct (not permissible) and is not appropriate, but people do not recognize it, and patience is better!

6 عَنِ امْرَأَةِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّیْقَلِ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِاللَّهِ قَالَ: لَا یَنْبَغِی الصِّیَاحُ عَلَی الْمَیِّتِ وَ لَا تُشَقُّ الثِّیَابُ.

📚 Al-Kafi vol. 3 p. 225

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: Crying out (shouting) over the deceased is not correct (not permissible) and clothes should not be torn!

7 عَنِ ابْنِ الْقَدَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِی حَدِیثٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ إِبْرَاهِیمُ بْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ هَمَلَتْ عَیْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ بِالدُّمُوعِ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ تَدْمَعُ الْعَیْنُ وَ یَحْزَنُ الْقَلْبُ وَ لَا نَقُولُ مَا یُسْخِطُ الرَّبَّ وَ إِنَّا بِکَ یَا إِبْرَاهِیمُ لَمَحْزُونُونَ الْحَدِیثَ.

📚 Al-Kafi vol. 3 p. 262

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said in a narration: When Ibrahim, the son of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family), passed away, tears flowed from the eyes of the Messenger of God (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family), and then he said: The eye weeps and the heart grieves, but we do not say anything that angers the Lord, and we are indeed grieved for you, O Ibrahim!

8 عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْداللَّهِ في حديث قَالَ: إِنَّمَا الْمُصِیبَةُ الَّتِی یُحْرَمُ صَاحِبُهَا أَجْرَهَا وَ ثَوَابَهَا إِذَا لَمْ یَصْبِرْ عِنْدَ نُزُولِهَا.

📚 Al-Kafi vol. 3 p. 224

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said in a narration: Indeed, the calamity is that its owner is deprived of its reward and recompense because he was not patient when it descended!

✅ Based on the above and other traditions, it is obligatory (farīḍa) for the servant to be patient during afflictions and calamities and not to show impatience or anxiety (jaza' and bi-tābi). Abandoning patience leads to deprivation of all or part of the reward and recompense of the calamity.

✅ Some instances of anxiety (jaza') and abandoning patience in the above traditions include:

Saying words that anger God (Allah).

Slapping the hand on the thigh.

Slapping and striking the face and chest.

Pulling out hair.

Scratching the face.

Tearing clothes and ripping open the collar (garment).

Raising the voice in weeping.

Crying out 'Woe!' (Wāvaylā) and screaming.

✅ For some of the above cases, there are exceptions in the traditions that need to be investigated separately.

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اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر

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