✅ Answer: Pay attention to the following narrations:

1⃣عَنْ مُعَتِّبٍ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْداللَّهِ قَالَ قَالَ: اذْهَبْ فَأَعْطِ عَنْ عِیَالِنَا [عیالک] الْفِطْرَةَ وَ أَعْطِ عَنِ الرَّقِیقِ وَ اجْمَعْهُمْ وَ لَا تَدَعْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَداً فَإِنَّکَ إِنْ تَرَکْتَ مِنْهُمْ إِنْسَاناً تَخَوَّفْتُ عَلَیْهِ الْفَوْتَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا الْفَوْتُ قَالَ الْمَوْتُ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 174

Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said to Mu’tab: Go and pay Zakat al-Fitra on behalf of our dependents and also on behalf of the slaves, gather them, and do not leave any of them out, for if you neglect any one of them, I fear for their demise! I said: What is demise? He said: Death!

2⃣عَنْ عَمَّارٍ السَّابَاطِیِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَاعَبْداللَّه یَقُولُ کُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ بَیْنَ مُسْلِمَیْنِ ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ جَحَدَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نُبُوَّتَهُ وَ کَذَّبَهُ فَإِنَّ دَمَهُ مُبَاحٌ لِمَنْ سَمِعَ ذَلِکَ مِنْهُ وَ امْرَأَتَهُ بَائِنَةٌ مِنْهُ یَوْمَ ارْتَدَّ وَ یُقْسَمُ مَالُهُ عَلَی وَرَثَتِهِ وَ تَعْتَدُّ امْرَأَتُهُ عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّی عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ عَلَی الْإِمَامِ أَنْ یَقْتُلَهُ إِنْ أَتَوْهُ بِهِ وَ لَا یَسْتَتِیبَهُ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 6, p. 174

Ammar Sabati says: I heard Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, say: Every Muslim who is between two Muslims (i.e., born to Muslim parents) and then apostatizes from Islam, denies the prophethood of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, and rejects him—his blood is permissible for whoever hears it from him. On the day he apostatizes, his wife is permanently separated from him, his wealth is divided among his heirs, and his wife observes the waiting period of a widow. It is upon the Imam to execute him if he is brought before him, without seeking his repentance!

3⃣عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ الْمُرْتَدِّ فَقَالَ مَنْ رَغِبَ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ کَفَرَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ فَلَا تَوْبَةَ لَهُ وَ قَدْ وَجَبَ قَتْلُهُ وَ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ یُقْسَمُ مَا تَرَکَ عَلَی وُلْدِهِ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 6, p. 174

Muhammad ibn Muslim says: I asked Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, about an apostate. The Imam said: Whoever turns away from Islam and, after accepting Islam, disbelieves in what was revealed to Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, there is no repentance for him. His execution is obligatory, his wife is permanently separated from him, and his wealth is divided among his children!

4⃣عبدالرحمن بن الْحَجَّاج قال: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَن عَنْ رَجُلَيْن أَصَابَا صَيْداً وَ هُمَا مُحْرِمَانِ الْجَزَاءُ بَيْنَهُمَا أَوْ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا جَزَاءٌ قَالَ لَا بَلْ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَجْزِيَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا الصَّيْد...فَقَال إِذَا أَصَبْتُمْ مِثْلَ هَذَا فَلَمْ تَدْرُوا فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالاحْتِيَاطِ حَتَّى تَسْأَلُوا عَنْهُ فَتَعْلَمُوا

📚 Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 391

Imam Kazim, peace be upon him, regarding two people in the state of ihram who had hunted and did not know whether both or only one of them had to pay expiation, said: When you encounter situations like this and are unaware, you must act with caution until you ask and gain knowledge.

5⃣عنوان الْبَصْرِي عن أبي عبداللَّه جعفر بن محمد يقول فيه...إِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَعْمَلَ بِرَأْيِكَ شَيْئاً و خُذْ بِالاحْتِيَاطِ في جَمِيعِ أُمُورِكَ ما تَجِدُ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا

📚 Wasail al-Shia, Vol. 27, p. 171

Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said to Basri: ...And beware of acting based on your own opinion. In all your affairs where you find a path to caution, act with caution!

✅ According to the above narrations and others, Zakat al-Fitra is a divine obligation that must be paid by whoever provides sustenance for a number of dependents, on their behalf and for themselves.

✅ Neglecting to pay Zakat al-Fitra may bring the risk of death to the individual for whom it was not paid!

However, if a man becomes an apostate and does not believe in Zakat al-Fitra, and thus does not pay it, since the wealth of an apostate belongs to his heirs from the moment of his apostasy, his dependents are effectively sustaining themselves from their own wealth. Therefore, they are obligated to pay Zakat al-Fitra from that wealth.

This matter is particularly reinforced by the principle of caution mentioned in the narrations, meaning the dependents of that man must pay their own Zakat al-Fitra!

اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر

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