✅ Answer: Refer to the following narrations:

1⃣زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ أَ لَا تُخْبِرُنِي مِنْ أَيْنَ عَلِمْتَ وَ قُلْتَ أَنَّ الْمَسْحَ بِبَعْضِ الرَّأْسِ وَ بَعْضِ الرِّجْلَيْنِ فَضَحِكَ فَقَالَ يَا زُرَارَةُ قَالَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَ نَزَلَ بِهِ الْكِتَابُ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ فَعَرَفْنَا أَنَّ الْوَجْهَ كُلَّهُ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُغْسَلَ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَ أَیْدِیَکُمْ إِلَی الْمَرافِقِ فَوَصَلَ الْیَدَیْنِ إِلَی الْمِرْفَقَیْنِ بِالْوَجْهِ فَعَرَفْنَا أَنَّهُ یَنْبَغِی لَهُمَا أَنْ یُغْسَلَا إِلَی الْمِرْفَقَیْنِ...

📚 Al-Faqih, Vol. 1, p. 103

Zurara said: I asked Imam Baqir (peace be upon him), 'Can you tell me how you know that wiping (*Mas'h*) should be done on part of the head and part of the feet?' The Imam smiled and said, 'O Zurara, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) stated this, and the Quran was revealed from Allah confirming it.'

He then said, 'Allah, the Almighty, says: "Then wash your faces," and from this verse, we understand that the entire face should be washed. Then He says: "And your hands up to the elbows," thus connecting the hands to the elbows, and we understand that the hands must also be washed up to the elbows...'

2⃣عَمَّار قال: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْداللَّه عَن الرَّجُل يَنْقَطِعُ ظُفُرُهُ هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ عَلَيْهِ عِلْكاً قَالَ لَا و لَا يَجْعَلُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا مَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَخْذِهِ عَنْهُ عِنْدَ الْوُضُوءِ وَ لَا يَجْعَلُ عَلَيْهِ مَا لَا يَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ الْمَاءُ

📚 Tahdhib, Vol. 1, p. 425

Ammar said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a person whose nail gets cut off and whether it is permissible to put resin on it. The Imam said: 'No, nothing should be placed on it unless it can be removed during *Wudu*, and nothing should prevent water from reaching the body.'

3⃣علي بْن جعفر عن أَخيه موسى بن جعفر قال: سَأَلْتُهُ عن الْمَرْأَة عَلَيْهَا السِّوَارُ وَ الدُّمْلُجُ فِي بَعْضِ ذِرَاعِهَا لَا تَدْرِي يَجْرِي الْمَاءُ تَحْتَهُ أَمْ لَا كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَتْ أَوِ اغْتَسَلَتْ قَال تُحَرِّكُهُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ الْمَاءُ تَحْتَهُ أَوْ تَنْزِعُهُ وَ عَنِ الْخَاتَمِ الضَّيِّقِ لَا يَدْرِي هَلْ يَجْرِي الْمَاءُ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ أَمْ لَا كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ إِنْ عَلِمَ أَنَّ الْمَاءَ لَا يَدْخُلُهُ فَلْيُخْرِجْهُ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 44

Ali ibn Ja'far said: I asked Imam Kazim (peace be upon him) about a woman wearing a bangle or an armlet who is unsure whether water reaches under it when performing *Ghusl* or *Wudu*. What should she do? The Imam replied: 'She should move it so water flows underneath it or remove it.'

I also asked about a tight ring and whether, if one is unsure whether water reaches underneath it, they should remove it. The Imam said: 'If they know water does not reach underneath, they must remove it during *Wudu*.'

4⃣ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ في حديث قَالَ: إِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَغْسِلَ مَا ظَهَرَ.

📚 Tahdhib, Vol. 1, p. 78

Zurara narrated from Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) that he said: 'It is upon you to wash whatever is apparent during *Wudu*!'

✅ Based on the above narrations and others, it is necessary during *Wudu* and *Ghusl* to ensure that all external surfaces are fully washed and that there is no barrier preventing water from reaching the skin.

Since a tattoo is applied under the skin, it does not create any obstruction on the surface of the skin, and thus it does not invalidate *Ghusl* or *Wudu*, although it has been criticized in some narrations.

اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر

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