✅ Answer: Refer to the following narrations:

1⃣عن الحلبی قال: سَأَلْتُ أَباعَبْداللَّه عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ و هِیَ حَائِضٌ فقال الطَّلَاقُ لِغَیْرِ السُّنَّةِ بَاطِل

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 6, p. 58

Halabi said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a man who divorces his wife while she is menstruating. The Imam said: A divorce not performed according to the prescribed method is invalid!

2⃣عن بُکَیْرٍ قَالَ اشْهَدْ عَلَی أَبی جَعْفَرٍ أَنِّی سَمِعْتُهُ یَقُولُ الْغَائِبُ یُطَلِّقُ بِالْأَهِلَّةِ و الشُّهُور

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 6, p. 79

Bukayr said: I testify before Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) that I heard him say: An absent man divorces according to lunar months!

3⃣عن إسماعیل الجعفی عن أبی جعفر قال: خَمْسٌ یُطَلِّقُهُنَّ الرَّجُلُ عَلَی کُلِّ حَالٍ الْحَامِلُ و الَّتِی لَمْ یَدْخُلْ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا و الْغَائِبُ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا و الَّتِی لَمْ تَحِضْ و الَّتِی قَدْ یَئِسَتْ مِنَ الْحَیْض

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 6, p. 79

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: There are five cases where a man can divorce his wife under any circumstances: a pregnant woman, a woman he has not consummated the marriage with, a woman whose husband is absent, a woman who has not yet menstruated, and an elderly woman!

4⃣عن إِسحاق بن عمار عن أبی عبداللَّه قال: الْغَائِبُ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ یُطَلِّقَهَا تَرَکَهَا شَهْراً.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 6, p. 80

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: When an absent man wants to divorce his wife, he leaves her for one month (waits for one month and then divorces her)!

5⃣عن ابن سماعة قال: سَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِی حَمْزَةَ مَتَی یُطَلِّقُ الْغَائِبُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِی إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ أَوْ رَوَی إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْداللَّهِ أَوْ أَبِی الْحَسَنِ قَالَ إِذَا مَضَی لَهُ شَهْرٌ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 6, p. 81

Ibn Sama’ah said: I asked Muhammad ibn Abi Hamzah: When is an absent man’s wife divorced? He said: Ishaq ibn Ammar narrated to me, or Ishaq ibn Ammar narrated from Imam Sadiq or Imam Kazim (peace be upon them), that it is after one month of absence!

6⃣عن إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قال: قُلْتُ لِأَبِی إِبْرَاهِیمَ الْغَائِبُ الَّذِی یُطَلِّقُ أَهْلَهُ کَمْ غَیْبَتُهُ قَالَ خَمْسَةُ أَشْهُرٍ سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ قُلْتُ حَدٌّ دُونَ ذَا قَالَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ.

📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 8, p. 62

Ishaq ibn Ammar said: I asked Imam Kazim (peace be upon him): How long must a man be absent before he can divorce his wife? The Imam said: Five months, six months! I asked: Is there a shorter period? He said: Three months!

7⃣عن جمیل بن دراج عن أَبِی عبداللَّه قَالَ: الرَّجُلُ إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ إِلَی السَّفَرِ فَلَیْسَ لَهُ أَنْ یُطَلِّقَ حَتَّی تَمْضِیَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ.

📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 8, p. 62

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: When a man leaves his home for travel, he cannot divorce his wife until three months have passed!

8⃣عن أبی بصیر قال: قُلْتُ لِأَبِی عَبْداللَّه الرَّجُلُ یُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ و هُوَ غَائِبٌ فَیَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ یَوْمَ طَلَّقَهَا کَانَتْ طَامِثاً قَالَ یَجُوزُ.

📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 8, p. 62

Abu Basir said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a man who divorces his absent wife and later discovers that she was menstruating on the day of divorce. The Imam said: It is valid!

✅ Based on the above and other narrations, one of the conditions for a valid divorce is that the woman must not be menstruating and must be in a state of purity where no intercourse has occurred at the beginning of that period of purity.

However, if the woman is absent and it is impossible to verify her menstruation or purity, the husband can divorce her without this knowledge, and this condition is waived.

An additional condition for divorcing an absent wife is that a certain amount of time must have passed since the husband’s absence. The divorce must be based on lunar months. While some narrations in Al-Kafi mention one month, others specify three, five, or six months.

Although the narrations mentioning one month are reliable and actionable, for precaution (recommended by the Ahlul Bayt, peace be upon them) and to fulfill all narrations, one can act upon the three-month narrations. This is because in narration 6⃣, which is the only one mentioning five and six months, three months is explicitly permitted as the minimum period. Therefore, acting on the three-month narrations fulfills all requirements.

✅ Compliance with other narrational conditions of divorce is also necessary.

✅ If after divorcing an absent wife, it is discovered that she was menstruating at the time of the divorce, according to narration 8⃣, the divorce remains valid.

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