Question 1916: What is the ruling for a person in a state of necessity in relation to religious commandments and prohibitions?
✅ Answer: Please refer to the following verse and narrations:
إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَیْکُمُ الْمَیْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ ولَحْمَ الْخِنزِیرِ وما أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَیْرِ اللَّهِ ۖفَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَیْرَ بَاغٍ وَلَا عَادٍ فَلَا إِثْمَ عَلَیْهِ ۚإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِیم
Indeed, Allah has forbidden for you dead meat, blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which the name of Allah has not been pronounced at the time of slaughter. However, if someone is compelled by necessity, without being a wrongdoer or transgressor, there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful!
📖 *Al-Baqarah* 173
1⃣عن أبی بصیر قال: سَأَلْتُ أَبَاعَبْداللَّهِ عَنِ الْمَرِیضِ هَلْ تُمْسِکُ لَهُ الْمَرْأَةُ شَیْئاً فَیَسْجُدَ عَلَیْهِ فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ یَکُونَ مُضْطَرّاً لَیْسَ عِنْدَهُ غَیْرُهَا و لَیْسَ شَیْءٌ مِمَّا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا و قَدْ أَحَلَّهُ لِمَنِ اضْطُرَّ إِلَیْه
📚 *Tahdhib*, Vol. 3, p. 177
Abu Basir said: 'I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a sick person for whom his wife keeps something so that he may prostrate on it; the Imam replied: 'No! Except if he is in a state of necessity, and there is no one else with him, and none of those things that Allah has forbidden are present, except that He has made them lawful for someone in a state of necessity!'
2⃣عن مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قال: سَأَلْتُ أَبَاعَبْدِاللَّهِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ و الْمَرْأَةِ یَذْهَبُ بَصَرُهُ فَیَأْتِیهِ الْأَطِبَّاءُ فَیَقُولُونَ نُدَاوِیکَ شَهْراً أَوْ أَرْبَعِینَ لَیْلَةً مُسْتَلْقِیاً کَذَلِکَ یُصَلِّی فَرَخَّصَ فِی ذَلِکَ وَ قَالَ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَیْرَ باغٍ وَ لا عادٍ فَلا إِثْمَ عَلَیْهِ.
📚 *Al-Kāfi*, Vol. 3, p. 410
Muhammad ibn Muslim said: 'I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a man and woman who are losing their eyesight, and doctors tell them that they will treat them for a month or forty days while they lie on their backs, and they pray in that position. The Imam permitted this matter and said: 'So if someone becomes in a state of necessity, without being a rebel or disobedient, there is no sin upon them!'
📚 *Al-Tawhid*, p. 353
3⃣عن حریز بْنِ عَبْداللَّه عَنْ أَبِی عبداللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ رُفِعَ عَنْ أُمَّتِی تِسْعَةُ أَشْیَاءَ الْخَطَأُ و النِّسْیَانُ وَ مَا أُکْرِهُوا عَلَیْهِ و مَا لَا یَعْلَمُونَ وَ مَا لَا یُطِیقُونَ و مَا اضْطُرُّوا إِلَیْهِ وَ الْحَسَدُ وَ الطِّیَرَةُ وَ التَّفَکُّرُ فِی الْوَسْوَسَةِ فِی الْخَلْق مَا لَمْ یَنْطِقُوا بِشَفَةٍ
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Nine things have been lifted from the Ummah: mistakes, forgetfulness, what they are forced to do, what they do not know, what they cannot bear, what they are compelled to do in a state of necessity, envy, bad omens, and contemplation over creation, as long as they do not speak of it!'
📚 *Al-Kāfi*, Vol. 5, p. 534
4⃣عن أَبِی حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِیِّ عن أَبِی جَعْفَر قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ یُصِیبُهَا الْبَلَاءُ فِی جَسَدِهَا إِمَّا کَسْرٌ وَ إِمَّا جُرْحٌ فِی مَکَانٍ لَا یَصْلُحُ النَّظَرُ إِلَیْهِ یَکُونُ الرَّجُالُ أَرْفَقَ بِعِلَاجِهِ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ أَ یَصْلُحُ لَهُ ان ینظَرُ إِلَیْهَا قَالَ إِذَا اضْطُرَّتْ إِلَیْهِ فَلْیُعَالِجْهَا إِنْ شَاءَتْ
Abu Hamza said: 'I asked Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) about a Muslim woman who suffers from an affliction such as a broken bone or wound in a place where it is not permissible for men to look at. I asked whether it is appropriate for a male doctor to treat her. The Imam replied: 'If she is in a state of necessity for that (male doctor), then if the woman wishes, he may treat her!'
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'If someone is in a state of necessity and is compelled to eat dead meat, blood, or the flesh of swine but refrains from eating until they die, they are considered disbelievers!'
5⃣قَالَ الصَّادِقُ علیه السلام مَنِ اضْطُرَّ إِلَی الْمَیْتَةِ وَ الدَّمِ وَ لَحْمِ الْخِنْزِیرِ فَلَمْ یَأْکُلْ شَیْئاً مِنْ ذَلِکَ حَتَّی یَمُوتَ فَهُوَ کَافِرٌ.
📚 *Al-Faqih*, Vol. 3, p. 345
✅ Based on the principles and texts mentioned in the above narrations and others, if a person is in a situation where they cannot carry out a divine command or are compelled to engage in a prohibited act due to necessity, Allah has made it lawful for them. What a person is compelled to do in a state of necessity has been lifted from this Ummah.
✅ Some examples of necessity are mentioned in the narrations, and other cases can also be derived from these principles with correct understanding and proper application.
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