✅ Answer: In today's legal terminology, a penalty clause refers to a condition for paying a specified compensation in case of delay in fulfilling an obligation or breach of contract in various agreements.

✅ Considering the above definition, it is necessary to first pay attention to the following relevant narrations:

1⃣ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَیْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: الْمُسْلِمُونَ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ إِلَّا کُلَّ شَرْطٍ خَالَفَ کِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلَا یَجُوزُ.

📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 7, p. 22

Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: Muslims are bound by their conditions, except for any condition that contradicts the Quran, which is not permissible!

2⃣ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الشَّرْطِ فِی الْإِمَاءِ لَا تُبَاعُ وَ لَا تُوهَبُ قَالَ یَجُوزُ ذَلِکَ غَیْرَ الْمِیرَاثِ فَإِنَّهَا تُورَثُ لِأَنَّ کُلَّ شَرْطٍ خَالَفَ الْکِتَابَ بَاطِلٌ.

📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 7, p. 67

Ibn Sinan said: I asked Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, about (selling) slave girls on the condition that they not be sold or gifted; the Imam said: It is permissible, except for inheritance, because that is inherited, as any condition that contradicts the Quran is void!

3⃣عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُوسَی الْخَشَّابِ عَنْ غِیَاثِ بْنِ کَلُّوبٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِیهِ أَنَّ عَلِیَّ بْنَ أَبِی طَالِبٍ علیه السلام کَانَ یَقُولُ مَنْ شَرَطَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ شَرْطاً فَلْیَفِ لَهَا بِهِ فَإِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِینَ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ إِلَّا شَرْطاً حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا أَوْ أَحَلَّ حَرَاماً

📚 Tahdhib, Vol. 7, p. 467

Amir al-Mu'minin, peace be upon him, said: Whoever makes a condition with his wife must fulfill that condition for his wife because Muslims are bound by their conditions (they fulfill the conditions) except for a condition that makes something forbidden permissible or something permissible forbidden!

4⃣عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ یَقُولُ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطاً مُخَالِفاً لِکِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَلَا یَجُوزُ لَهُ وَ لَا یَجُوزُ عَلَی الَّذِی اشْتُرِطَ عَلَیْهِ وَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ مِمَّا وَافَقَ کِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 169

Abdullah bin Sinan said: I heard Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, saying: Whoever makes a condition that contradicts the Quran, the Book of Allah, that condition is not permissible for him or for whom it was stipulated, and Muslims are bound by their conditions (their conditions are permissible and actionable) in cases where they agree with the Book of Allah.

✅ Considering the above narrations and others, if someone includes a condition in contracts that does not contradict the Quran and does not make the permissible forbidden or the forbidden permissible, that condition is permissible and must be acted upon.

A person who stipulates in a contract that in case of delay in fulfilling the obligation or failure to fulfill the obligations, the other party is obliged to pay a certain amount of compensation or assessed damages, is permissible and must be implemented, as his condition does not contradict the Quran and does not make the forbidden permissible or the permissible forbidden.

Therefore, taking and giving a penalty clause in the above meanings does not contradict the narrations, unless the condition for paying compensation and the type of obligation to compensate for damages is formulated and established in a way that contradicts the Quran and makes the forbidden permissible or the permissible forbidden.

اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر

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