Question 1824: Does pushing a disabled person in a wheelchair around the Kaaba count as one's own circumambulation (Tawaf)?
✅ Answer: Please refer to the following narrations:
1⃣عن مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْهَیْثَمِ التَّمِیمِیِّ عَنْ أَبِیهِ قَالَ: حَجَجْتُ بِامْرَأَتِی وَ کَانَتْ قَدْ أُقْعِدَتْ بِضْعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً قَالَ فَلَمَّا کَانَ فِی اللَّیْلِ وَضَعْتُهَا فِی شِقِّ مَحْمِلٍ وَ حَمَلْتُهَا أَنَا بِجَانِبِ الْمَحْمِلِ وَ الْخَادِمُ بِالْجَانِبِ الْآخَرِ قَالَ فَطُفْتُ بِهَا طَوَافَ الْفَرِیضَةِ وَ بَیْنَ الصَّفَا وَ الْمَرْوَةِ وَ اعْتَدَدْتُ بِهِ أَنَا لِنَفْسِی ثُمَّ لَقِیتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَوَصَفْتُ لَهُ مَا صَنَعْتُهُ فَقَالَ قَدْ أَجْزَأَ عَنْک
📚Tahdhib, Volume 5, Page 398
Haitham Tamimi says: I went for Hajj with my wife, who had been bedridden for more than ten years. When night fell, I placed her on one side of a palanquin, and I carried one side while a servant carried the other side. I performed the obligatory Tawaf and Sa’i between Safa and Marwah for her and counted it for myself as well. Then I met Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) and described what I had done. The Imam said: Certainly, it sufficed for you as well!
✅ Considering the above narration and others, if someone pushes a disabled person around the Kaaba and between Safa and Marwah in a wheelchair, it counts as their own Tawaf and Sa’i, and there is no need to perform it again separately.
✅ Important Note: Nowadays, the authorities of Masjid al-Haram do not allow wheelchairs to move around the Kaaba and direct them to the newly constructed upper floors of Masjid al-Haram. Firstly, since these were not built by the Prophets and their successors, according to the following narration and others, it is considered an innovation (Bid’ah):
2⃣عن أبی هاشم الجعفری قال: کُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِی مُحَمَّدٍ علیه السلام فَقَالَ إِذَا قَامَ الْقَائِمُ أَمَرَ بِهَدْمِ الْمَنَارِ و الْمَقَاصِیرِ الَّتِی فِی الْمَسَاجِدِ فَقُلْتُ فِی نَفْسِی لِأَیِّ مَعْنَی هَذَا فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَیَّ فَقَالَ مَعْنَی هَذَا أَنَّهَا مُحْدَثَةٌ مُبْتَدَعَةٌ لَمْ یَبْنِهَا نَبِیٌّ و لَا حُجَّةٌ
📚Al-Ghaybah by Tusi, Page 131
Abu Hashim Ja’fari says: I was with Imam Hasan al-Askari (peace be upon him). The Imam said: When the Qa'im (the Mahdi) rises, he will order the demolition of the minarets and enclosed prayer rooms in the mosques. I wondered what this meant. The Imam turned to me and said: It means these are new additions and innovations; no prophet or divine authority has built them!
✅ Secondly, these floors are outside the Tawaf area and the space between the Kaaba and Maqam Ibrahim:
3⃣عن محمد بن مسلم قال: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ حَدِّ الطَّوَافِ بِالْبَیْتِ الَّذِی مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنْهُ لَمْ یَکُنْ طَائِفاً بِالْبَیْتِ قَالَ کَانَ النَّاسُ عَلَی عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ یَطُوفُونَ بِالْبَیْتِ وَ الْمَقَامِ وَ أَنْتُمُ الْیَوْمَ تَطُوفُونَ مَا بَیْنَ الْمَقَامِ وَ بَیْنَ الْبَیْتِ فَکَانَ الْحَدُّ مَوْضِعَ الْمَقَامِ الْیَوْمَ فَمَنْ جَازَهُ فَلَیْسَ بِطَائِفٍ وَ الْحَدُّ قَبْلَ الْیَوْمِ وَ الْیَوْمَ وَاحِدٌ قَدْرَ مَا بَیْنَ الْمَقَامِ وَ بَیْنَ الْبَیْتِ مِنْ نَوَاحِی الْبَیْتِ کُلِّهَا فَمَنْ طَافَ فَتَبَاعَدَ مِنْ نَوَاحِیهِ أَبْعَدَ مِنْ مقدار ذلک کان طَائِفاً بِغَیْرِ الْبَیْتِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ طَافَ بِالْمَسْجِدِ لِأَنَّهُ طَافَ فی غَیْرِ حَدٍّ و لَا طَوَافَ لَه
📚Al-Kafi, Volume 4, Page 413
Muhammad bin Muslim says: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about the limit of Tawaf around the House of Allah, such that if someone goes beyond it, they are not considered to be performing Tawaf around the House of Allah. The Imam said: People during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) would perform Tawaf around the House and Maqam Ibrahim (since at that time, Maqam Ibrahim was adjacent to the Kaaba). Today, you perform Tawaf between the Kaaba and Maqam Ibrahim. Thus, the limit is the current location of Maqam Ibrahim, and anyone who goes beyond it is not considered to be performing Tawaf. The previous limit and today's limit are the same, which is the area between Maqam Ibrahim and the Kaaba from all sides. Therefore, anyone who performs Tawaf beyond this distance is considered to be performing Tawaf around something other than the Kaaba, like someone who circumambulates the mosque, as they are outside the limit for Tawaf, and it is not valid!
✅ Therefore, firstly, the Tawaf of the person pushing the wheelchair does not suffice, and they need to perform a proper Tawaf within the space between the Kaaba and Maqam Ibrahim.
✅ Secondly, based on the above points, a person in a wheelchair cannot rely solely on Tawaf in the upper floors for their obligatory Tawaf and has precautionary duties that will be explained separately with related narrations, God willing.
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