Question 1796: I had entrusted a bracelet to someone, and it got damaged while in their possession. Do they have to compensate for the damage?
✅ Answer: Please refer to the following narrations:
1⃣عَنِ الْحَلَبِیِّ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: صَاحِبُ الْوَدِیعَةِ وَ الْبِضَاعَةِ مُؤْتَمَنَانِ...
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 238
Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: The person who receives the trust and the investment is entrusted and considered reliable!
2⃣ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ وَدِیعَةِ الذَّهَبِ وَ الْفِضَّةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ کُلُّ مَا کَانَ مِنْ وَدِیعَةٍ وَ لَمْ تَکُنْ مَضْمُونَةً لَا تَلْزَمُ.
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 239
Zurarah said: I asked Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, about the trust of gold and silver. Imam said: Whatever is a trust (deposit) and is not guaranteed, there is no obligation (for compensation)!
3⃣عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِاللَّهِ قَالَ: لَیْسَ لَکَ أَنْ تَأْتَمِنَ مَنْ غَشَّکَ وَ لَا تَتَّهِمَ مَنِ ائْتَمَنْتَ.
📚 Qurb al-Isnad, p. 35
Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: It is not your right to consider the one who has betrayed you as trustworthy and to accuse the one whom you considered trustworthy!
4⃣عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِیِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ قَالَ کَتَبَ رَجُلٌ إِلَی الْفَقِیهِ علیه السلام فِی رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَی رَجُلٍ وَدِیعَةً وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ یَضَعَهَا فِی مَنْزِلِهِ أَوْ لَمْ یَأْمُرْهُ فَوَضَعَهَا الرَّجُلُ فِی مَنْزِلِ جَارِهِ فَضَاعَتْ هَلْ یَجِبُ عَلَیْهِ إِذَا خَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ أَوْ أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ مِلْکِهِ فَوَقَّعَ علیه السلام هُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.
📚 Al-Faqih, Vol. 3, p. 194
Muhammad bin Ali bin Mahbub said: A man wrote to Imam Askari, peace be upon him: A man entrusts a deposit to someone and tells him to keep it at his house, or does not tell him. Then the person places it in his neighbor's house and it is lost! Is it obligatory for the person to compensate if they went against the instructions or moved the item out of their property? Imam, peace be upon him, wrote: He is responsible for it. Insha'Allah!
✅ In the above narrations and others, it is advised that a deposit or trust should only be given to a reliable and trustworthy person, and the betrayer should not be entrusted with anything.
However, when a person is considered trustworthy and we entrust them with something, if an incident happens to the item, we are not allowed to accuse them, and if an event occurs to the entrusted item without negligence in its care, the trustee is not obligated, unless according to narration 2⃣, the deposit was guaranteed by the trustee.
✅ However, according to narration 5⃣ and others, if the trustee has gone against the instructions of the trust-giver or has been negligent in its care, they are responsible and must compensate the trust-owner.
✅ It should be noted that 'deposit' (ودعۀ) or trust is different from lending (عاریه).
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر
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