✅ Answer: Please refer to the following narrations:

1⃣عَنْ مَعْرُوفِ بْنِ خَرَّبُوذَ عَنْ أَبِی جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَکَ وَ تَعَالَی قَرَنَ الزَّکَاةَ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ وَ أَقِیمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّکاةَ فَمَنْ أَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَ لَمْ یُؤْتِ الزَّکَاةَ فَکَأَنَّهُ لَمْ یُقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ.

📚 Al-Faqih, vol. 2, p. 10

Imam Baqir, peace be upon him, said: Verily, Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, has made Zakat obligatory along with prayer, as He says in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 43: 'Establish prayer and give Zakat.' So, whoever establishes prayer but does not give Zakat, it is as if they have not established the prayer!

2⃣ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ الْمُبَارَکِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِیمَ عَنْ صَدَقَةِ الْفِطْرَةِ أَ هِیَ مِمَّا قَالَ اللَّهُ أَقِیمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَ آتُوا الزَّکاةَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ الْحَدِیثَ.

📚 Al-Tahdhib, vol. 4, p. 89

Ishaq said: I asked Imam Kazim, peace be upon him, about Zakat al-Fitr, asking if it is one of the matters mentioned by Allah in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 43, where He says: 'Establish prayer and give Zakat.' Imam replied: Yes!

3⃣عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْداللَّهِ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَرَضَ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ فِی أَمْوَالِ الْأَغْنِیَاءِ فَرِیضَةً لَا یُحْمَدُونَ إِلَّا بِأَدَائِهَا وَ هِیَ الزَّکَاةُ الْحَدِیثَ.

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 3, p. 498

Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: Verily, Allah, the Almighty, has made a duty for the poor in the wealth of the rich, which cannot be praised without fulfilling it, and that is Zakat!

4⃣عَنْ شُعَیْبٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ عَلَی أَخِی زَکَاةً کَثِیرَةً أَ فَأَقْضِیهَا أَوْ أُؤَدِّیهَا عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لِی وَ کَیْفَ لَکَ بِذَلِکَ قُلْتُ أَحْتَاطُ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذاً تُفَرِّجُ عَنْهُ.

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 3, p. 547

Shu'ayb said: I told Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, that my brother had many Zakat obligations! Should I make up for it on his behalf (since he is deceased), or should I pay it on his behalf? Imam replied: How do you want to know the amount? I said: I will be cautious! He replied: Yes! In this case, you will relieve his burden!

5⃣عن زُرَارَةَ قال: قُلْتُ لِأَبِی جَعْفَرٍ رَجُلٌ لَمْ یُزَکِّ مَالَهُ فَأَخْرَجَ زَکَاتَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَأَدَّاهَا کَانَ ذَلِکَ یُجْزِی عَنْهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ...

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 3, p. 547

Zurarah said: A person did not pay their Zakat, and upon their death, they took out the Zakat and paid it. Does this suffice for them? Imam replied: Yes!

6⃣عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْیَنَ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْداللَّه فِی رَجُلٍ أَخْرَجَ فِطْرَتَهُ فَعَزَلَهَا حَتَّی یَجِدَ لَهَا أَهْلًا فَقَالَ إِذَا أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ ضَمَانِهِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ وَ إِلَّا فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهَا حَتَّی یُؤَدِّیَهَا إِلَی أَرْبَابِهَا

📚 Al-Tahdhib, vol. 4, p. 77

Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said regarding someone who has taken out their Zakat al-Fitr from their wealth and set it aside to find its rightful owners: If they have removed it from their responsibility, they are freed from this debt; otherwise, they are responsible until they give it to its rightful owners!

7⃣عن أبی بصیر عن أبی عبداللَّه قال: قُلْتُ لَهُ هَلْ لِلزَّکَاةِ وَقْتٌ مَعْلُومٌ تُعْطَی فِیهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ ذَلِکَ لَیَخْتَلِفُ فِی إِصَابَةِ الرَّجُلِ الْمَالَ و أَمَّا الْفِطْرَةُ فَإِنَّهَا مَعْلُومَةٌ.

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 3, p. 522

Abu Basir said: I asked Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, if Zakat has a specific time for its payment. Imam replied: It depends on when a person acquires their wealth, but the time for Zakat al-Fitr is known and fixed!

✅ Based on the above narrations and others, Zakat on wealth and Zakat al-Fitr are both divine obligations that must be paid at their designated and limited times. If someone delays paying them at the appropriate time, they have committed a sin, but this debt does not fall from them, and they must make up for it and pay it, even if it is at the time of their death. If they die without paying it, it remains a debt that must be paid from their estate before distributing the inheritance.

However, if someone pays it on their behalf after their death voluntarily, the responsibility is lifted from them.

Therefore, if someone has not paid their Zakat on wealth or Zakat al-Fitr for themselves or their family in the past, they must now pay it, as it does not fall from them except by payment.

اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر

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