✅Answer: Due to the length of the topic, some of the etiquettes of making a will are mentioned in several parts.

✅A: The importance and necessity of making a will:

1 زَيْدٍ الشَّحام قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْوَصِيَّةِ فَقَالَ هِيَ حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِم

📚Tahdhib, Vol. 9, p. 172

Zayd al-Shahham said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a will; he said: 'It is a right upon every Muslim.'

2 قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْوَصِيَّةُ حَقٌّ و قَدْ أَوْصَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَيَنْبَغي لِلْمُسْلِم أَنْ يُوصيَ

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 7, p. 3

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: 'A will is a right, and indeed the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) made a will, so it is appropriate for every Muslim to make a will.'

3 قَالَ ما يَنْبَغِي لِامْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ

يَبِيتَ لَيْلَةً إِلَّا و وَصِيَّتُهُ تَحْتَ رَأْسهِ

📚Al-Muqni'ah, p. 101

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'It is not appropriate for a Muslim to spend a night unless his will is near his head.'

4 قَالَ مَنْ مَاتَ بِغَيْرِ وَصِيَّةٍ مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً

📚Al-Muqni'ah, p. 101

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Whoever dies without a will has died the death of ignorance.'

5 عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قال: إِنْ أُجِّلْتَ في عُمرِكَ يَوْمَيْنِ فَاجْعَلْ أَحَدَهُمَا لِأَدَبِك لِتَسْتَعِينَ بِهِ عَلى يَوْم مَوْتِك قِيل لَهُ و ما تِلْكَ الِاسْتِعَانَةُ قَال تُحْسِنُ تَدْبِيرَ ما تُخَلِّفُ و تُحْكِمُه

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 8, p. 150

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'If you are granted two days in your life, dedicate one of these two days for your etiquette so that you may seek help with it on the day of your death.' It was said: 'What is this help?' He said: 'You make good the administration and management of what you leave behind after you, and you strengthen it.'

✅B: The supplication of a will:

6 Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Whoever does not make a good will at the time of his death, there is a deficiency in his manliness and his intellect.' It was said: 'O Messenger of Allah, how should the deceased make a will?' He said: 'When his death approaches and the people gather around him, he should say:

اللَّهُمَّ فَاطِرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَ الشَّهَادَةِ الرَّحْمَنَ الرَّحِيمَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعْهَدُ إِلَيْكَ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا أَنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُكَ وَ رَسُولُكَ وَ أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ حَقٌّ وَ أَنَّ النَّارَ حَقٌّ وَ أَنَّ الْبَعْثَ حَقٌّ وَ الْحِسَابَ حَقٌّ وَ الْقَدَرَ وَ الْمِيزَانَ حَقٌّ وَ أَنَّ الدِّينَ كَمَا وَصَفْتَ وَ أَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ كَمَا شَرَعْتَ وَ أَنَّ الْقَوْلَ كَمَا حَدَّثْتَ وَ أَنَّ الْقُرْآنَ كَمَا أَنْزَلْتَ وَ أَنَّكَ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ الْحَقُّ الْمُبِينُ جَزَى اللَّهُ مُحَمَّداً خَيْرَ الْجَزَاءِ وَ حَيَّا مُحَمَّداً وَ آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ بِالسَّلَامِ اللَّهُمَّ يَا عُدَّتِي عِنْدَ كُرْبَتِي وَ صَاحِبِي عِنْدَ شِدَّتِي وَ يَا وَلِيَّ نِعْمَتِي إِلَهِي وَ إِلَهَ آبَائِي لَا تَكِلْنِي إِلَى نَفْسِي طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ أَبَداً فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ تَكِلْنِي إِلَى نَفْسِي أَقْرُبْ مِنَ الشَّرِّ وَ أَبْعُدْ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ فَآنِسْ فِي الْقَبْرِ وَحْشَتِي وَ اجْعَلْ لِي عَهْداً يَوْمَ أَلْقَاكَ مَنْشُوراً

Then he makes a will for the things he needs.

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 7, p. 2

✅C: The condemnation of abandoning a will at the time of death:

7 قال أبو عبد اللَّهِ ما مِنْ ميِّتٍ تَحضرُهُ الْوَفَاةُ إِلَّا رَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْه مِن بَصرِهِ و سَمْعِهِ و عَقْلِهِ لِلْوَصِيَّةِ آخِذٍ لِلْوصِيَّةِ أَوْ تَارِكٍ و هي الرَّاحَةُ الَّتِي يُقَالُ لَهَا رَاحَةُ الْمَوْتِ فَهِيَ حَقٌّ عَلى كُلِّ مُسْلِم

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 7, p. 3

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'There is no deceased person whose death approaches except that Allah returns a part of his sight and hearing and intellect to him to make a will, whether he makes a will or leaves it, and this is the 'rest' that is called the 'rest of death', so a will is a right upon every Muslim.'

8 جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: مَنْ لَمْ يُوصِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ لِذَوِي قَرابَتِهِ مِمَّنْ لَا يَرِثُهُ فَقَدْ خَتَمَ عمَلَهُ بِمَعْصِيَتِه

📚Tahdhib, Vol. 9, p. 174

Translation: Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: 'Whoever does not make a will at the time of his death for his close relatives who do not inherit from him, his action has ended in disobedience.'

✅The above hadith refers to the will of giving wealth to relatives and close ones, which is within the limit of one-third of the wealth, and its explanation will follow.

✅Preparing a will before death protects against the obstacles at the time of death.

https://feghh14.com/en

Etiquettes of making a will in narrations

✅ D: Prohibition of injustice in a will

جَعْفَرِ بن مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ مَا أُبَالِي أَضْرَرْتُ بِوُلْدِي أَو سَرَقْتهُمْ ذَلِك الْمال

📚Faqih, Vol. 4, p. 183

Translation: Ali (peace be upon him) said: 'It makes no difference to me whether I harm my children or steal that wealth from them!'

جَعْفَرِ بْن مُحَمَّدٍ عن أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ مَنْ أَوْصَى و لَمْ يَحِفْ و لَمْ يُضَارَّ كَانَ كَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فِي حَيَاتِه

📚Faqih, Vol. 4, p. 182

Translation: Ali (peace be upon him) said: 'Whoever makes a will and does not commit injustice and does not harm, is like one who has given charity during his lifetime.'

جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: مَنْ عَدَلَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ كان كَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ و مَنْ جَارَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ لَقِي اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ هُوَ عَنْهُ مُعْرِض

📚Faqih, Vol. 4, p. 184

Translation: Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: 'Whoever observes justice in his will is like one who has given charity during his lifetime, and whoever commits tyranny and injustice in his will, he will meet Allah on the Day of Judgment while He has turned away from him.'

جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قالَ: قال عَلِيٌّ الْحَيْفُ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ مِنَ الْكَبَائِر

📚Faqih, Vol. 4, p. 184

Translation: 'Committing injustice in a will is one of the major sins.'

أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَ أَوْصَى بِمَالِهِ كُلِّهِ أَوْ أَكْثَرِهِ فَقَالَ الْوَصِيَّةُ تُرَدُّ إِلَى الْمَعْرُوفِ غَيْرِ الْمُنْكَرِ فَمَنْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ وَ أَتَى فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ الْمُنْكَرَ و الْحَيْفَ فَإِنَّهَا تُرَدُّ إِلَى الْمَعْرُوفِ وَ يُتْرَكُ لِأَهْلِ الْمِيرَاث مِيرَاثُهُمْ

📚Tahdhib, Vol. 9, p. 192

Translation: Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: 'The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) ruled concerning a person who had died and had made a will for all or most of his wealth, that: 'The will must be returned to a known and correct manner without any wrongfulness and injustice.' So whoever wrongs himself and commits wrongfulness and injustice in his will, indeed the will is returned to a known and correct manner and the inheritance is left for the heirs.'

✅The meaning of the above narrations revolves around the discussion of a will regarding wealth, which will be explained in the next parts, that a person can interfere in a maximum of one-third of his wealth after his death and bequeath it in the ways he desires. Now, if he makes a will for more than one-third of his wealth, in addition to such a will not being executed and being only executable up to one-third of it, at the same time, such an act which is injustice in a will is introduced as one of the major sins and many condemnations regarding it have been narrated.

✅H: Permissibility of interfering in one-third of the wealth in a will

أَبِي بَصِير قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ ما لَهُ مِنْ ماله فَقَالَ لَهُ ثُلُثُ مَالِهِ و لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَيْضاً

📚Faqih, Vol. 4, p. 185

Translation: Abu Basir said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a man who dies, how much of his wealth is for him? He said: 'One-third of his wealth is for him (and he can interfere in it), and so is the case for a woman.'

أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: لِلرَّجُلِ عِنْد مَوْتِهِ ثُلُثُ مَالِهِ و إِنْ لَمْ يُوصِ فَلَيْس عَلَى الْوَرَثَةِ إِمْضَاؤُهُ

📚Tahdhib, Vol. 9, p. 242

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'A person has one-third of his wealth at the time of his death, and if he does not make a will, it is not on the heirs to execute it.'

عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: لَأَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالْخُمُسِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالرُّبُعِ و لَأَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالرُّبُعِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالثُّلُثِ و مَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ شَيْئاً

📚Qurb al-Isnad, p. 31

Translation: Ali (peace be upon him) said: 'If I make a will for one-fifth, it is more beloved to me than if I make a will for one-fourth of the wealth, and if I make a will for one-fourth, it is more beloved to me than if I make a will for one-third, and whoever makes a will for one-third has left nothing.'

✅As is clear from the above narrations, a person who makes a will is permitted to interfere in a maximum of one-third of his wealth and place it wherever he wishes, which, of course, according to the narrations, this is a divine opportunity for a person to use his wealth for his afterlife and benefit from his wealth, but in several narrations, one of which was mentioned, making a will for one-fifth is considered better than one-fourth, and making a will for one-fourth is considered better than one-third, and a person who makes a will for one-third of his wealth and places it in various ways has used the maximum of his permission, but making a will for one-fifth is better.

Etiquettes of making a will in narrations

✅ H: The place of placing one-third

عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي حَدِيثِ قَالَ قُلْتُ: لَهُ أَ لَيْسَ لِلرَّجُلِ ثُلُثُهُ يَصْنَعُ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ قَالَ بَلَى

Translation: In a hadith, 'Abd al-Rahman said: I said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): 'Is one-third of a person's wealth not for him to do whatever he wants with it?' He said: 'Yes.'

بَعْضِ الْأَئِمَّةِ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ ابْنَ آدَمَ تَطَوَّلْتُ عَلَيْكَ بِثَلَاثَةٍ سَتَرْتُ عَلَيْكَ مَا لَوْ يَعْلَمُ بِهِ أَهْلُكَ ما وَارَوْكَ و أَوْسَعْتُ عَلَيْكَ فَاسْتَقْرَضْتُ مِنْكَ فَلَمْ تُقَدِّمْ خَيْراً و جَعَلْتُ لَكَ نَظِرَةً عِنْد مَوْتِك في ثُلُثِكَ فَلَمْ تُقَدِّمْ خَيْراً

📚Faqih, Vol. 4, p. 181

Translation: One of the Imams said: 'Indeed, Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says to the son of Adam: 'I have favored you with three things: I have covered from you those things that if your family knew about them, they would not bury you, and I have given you financial ease, and then I asked a loan from you, but you did not send any good forward, and at the time of death, I placed a respite for you in one-third of your wealth, but you did not send any good forward.'

✅It is clear from the two above hadiths that although a person can place one-third of his wealth wherever he wants, the original purpose of this opportunity is to send good forward and spend this wealth on good deeds and charities, some of which will be mentioned.

عَنْ سَالِمَةَ مَوْلَاةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَتْ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حِين حَضرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ فَأُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ قَالَ أَعْطُوا الْحَسَنَ بْن عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ هُوَ الْأَفْطَسُ سَبْعِينَ دِينَاراً و أَعْطُوا فُلَاناً كَذَا و كَذَا وَ فُلَاناً كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَقُلْتُ أَ تُعْطِي رَجُلًا حَمَلَ عَلَيْكَ بِالشَّفْرَةِ فَقَالَ وَيْحَكِ أَ ما تَقْرَءِينَ الْقُرْآنَ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ أَ ما سَمِعْتِ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ ما أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ و يَخافُونَ سُوءَ الْحِساب

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 7, p. 55

Translation: Salimah, the maidservant of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him), said: 'I was with him when his death approached. The Imam fainted, and when he regained consciousness, he said: 'Give Hasan ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn, who was Al-Aftas, seventy dinars, and give so-and-so and so-and-so such and such amount.' I said: 'Do you give to a person who attacked you with a knife?!' The Imam said: 'Woe to you! Do you not read the Qur'an?!' I said: 'Yes,' He said: 'Have you not heard this saying of Allah which says: 'And those who connect what Allah has commanded to be connected, and they fear their Lord and dread the evil reckoning.'

✅In the above narration, placing a portion of one-third for connecting with relatives is recommended.

✅In the wills of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), many instances of endowments, charities, and setting aside funds for the poor and the needy are seen, and by doing such things, we can make up for the deficiency in our 'zakat' according to the following narration:

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ الْوَصِيَّةُ تَمَامُ ما نَقَصَ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ.

📚Faqih, Vol. 4, p. 182

Translation: Ali (peace be upon him) said: 'The will is a completer of that which is deficient from the 'zakat' (it compensates for the deficiencies of 'zakat').'

✅W: Bequeathing the obligatory 'zakat'

In the event that a person owes obligatory 'zakat', according to the following narration, he mentions it in his will so that it is paid:

عن أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه فِي رَجلٍ فَرَّطَ فِي إِخْرَاجِ زَكَاتِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ حَسَبَ جَمِيعَ مَا كَانَ فَرَّطَ فِيهِ مِمَّا لَزِمَهُ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ ثُمّ أَوْصَى بِه أَنْ يُخْرَجَ ذَلِكَ فَيُدْفَعَ إِلَى مَنْ يَجِبُ لَهُ قَالَ جَائِزٌ يُخْرَج ذَلِك مِنْ جَمِيع الْمَال إِنَّمَا هُو بِمَنْزِلَةِ دَيْن لَو كَان عَلَيْه لَيْسَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ شَيْ ءٌ حَتَّى يُؤَدُّوا ما أَوْصَى بِهِ مِنَ الزَّكَاة

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 547

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said about a person who was negligent in paying the obligatory 'zakat' during his lifetime and when his death approached, he calculates all that he was negligent in from 'zakat' and makes a will that it be paid from his wealth and given to its rightful place, he said: 'This is permissible and this is paid from the entire wealth (i.e., from the principal wealth), for indeed this is like a debt that if it is on him, there will be nothing for the heirs until they pay what he has bequeathed of the 'zakat.'

✅It is clear that if a person has not paid his obligatory 'zakat', he must pay it as soon as possible, and if there is a barrier, he should mention it in his will, and this is paid from the principal wealth, and the deficiency of 'zakat' is also compensated by the will for one-third of the wealth.

✅ Etiquettes of making a will in narrations

✅Z: Bequeathing Hajj

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِحَجَّةٍ فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَان صَرُورَةً فَهِيَ مِنْ صُلْبِ مَالِه إِنَّمَا هِي دَيْنٌ عَلَيْهِ و إِنْ كَانَ قَدْ حَجَّ فَهِي مِن الثُّلُث

📚Faqih, Vol. 2, p. 441

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) was asked about a person who makes a will for one Hajj; the Imam said: 'If he has never performed Hajj, this Hajj is performed from the principal wealth because this is a debt on him, and if he has performed Hajj before, (this will) is performed from one-third of his wealth.'

سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الرَّجُل يَمُوتُ و لَمْ يَحُجَّ حَجَّةَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ لَمْ يُوصِ بِهَا وَ هُوَ مُوسِرٌ فَقَالَ يُحَجُّ عَنْهُ مِنْ صُلْب مَالِه لَا يَجُوزُ غَيْرُ ذَلِك

📚Tahdhib, Vol. 5, p. 15

Translation: Sama'ah said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a person who dies and has not performed his 'Hajjat al-Islam' (i.e., his obligatory Hajj) and has not made a will for it and is also wealthy and well-off; the Imam said: 'Hajj is performed on his behalf from his principal wealth, and nothing else is permissible.'

✅There are many narrations in this regard, and from the two above narrations, it became clear that if a person has been wealthy and able and has not performed Hajj, he should make a will for someone to perform Hajj on his behalf, and this is done from his principal wealth. Of course, even if he does not make a will, it is necessary to perform Hajj on his behalf from his principal wealth, but because there is a great possibility that the heirs may be negligent in this matter, a person should himself during his lifetime, when he is able, take action to perform the obligatory Hajj, and if he is negligent, he should at least mention it in his will so that it is performed for him.

✅H: Bequeathing lost property ('luqatah') that has not been given as charity and whose owner has not been found:

مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسلِم عَن أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَن اللُّقَطَةِ قَال لَا تَرْفَعْهَا فَإِنِ ابْتُلِيتَ بِهَا فَعَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ جَاء طَالِبُهَا وَ إِلَّا فَاجْعَلْهَا فِي عَرْض مَالِك يَجْرِي عَلَيْهَا مَا يَجْرِي عَلَى مَالِكَ حَتَّى يَجِي ءَ لَهَا طَالِبٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِئْ لَها طَالِبٌ فَأَوْصِ بِهَا فِي وَصِيَّتِك

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 139

Translation: Muhammad ibn Muslim said: I asked Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) about lost property ('luqatah'); the Imam said: 'Do not pick it up, and if you are afflicted with it and you pick it up, announce it for a year. If its claimant comes, he comes, otherwise, place it among your wealth and whatever applies to your wealth also applies to it until a claimant for it comes. Then if no claimant for it comes, make a will for it in your will.'

(Meaning, mention in the will that such and such wealth is lost property and if its owner comes, give it to him)

سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَن اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ يُعَرِّفُهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا دَفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِ وَ إِلَّا حَبَسَهَا حَوْلًا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِئْ صَاحِبُهَا أَوْ مَنْ يَطْلُبُهَا تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا بَعْدَ ما تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اغْتَرَمَهَا الَّذِي كَانَت عِنْدَه و كَان الْأَجْرُ لَهُ و إِنْ كَرِه ذَلِك احْتَسَبَهَا وَ الْأَجْرُ لَهُ

📚Tahdhib, Vol. 6, p. 389

A man asked the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) about lost property ('luqatah'); he said: 'He announces and declares it, and if its owner comes, he hands it over to him, and otherwise, he keeps it for a year, then if its owner or its claimant does not come, he gives it as charity, and if its owner comes after he has given it as charity, if he wishes, the one who had the lost property pays the compensation for it and the reward (of the charity) will be for him, and if he does not wish, he puts it on his account (with Allah) and the reward (of the charity) will be for him.'

✅There is a strong emphasis in the narrations that a person should not touch lost property and not pick it up, and among them, according to the above hadiths, a person who is afflicted and picks it up must announce it for a year, and after that, he either gives it as charity or places it among his wealth until its owner or claimant comes. If he gives it as charity, after the owner comes, he gives him the choice between the reward of the charity, and if he is not satisfied, he keeps the reward of the charity himself and pays its compensation to its owner, and if its owner does not come, he must mention it in his will, and according to the narration in 📚Qurb al-Isnad, p. 115 from Imam Kazim, if a calamity befalls that wealth in the meantime, he is responsible for it.

✅Due to the importance of the matter of lost property and the difficulties ahead of it, we should try to act according to the following narration:

The narrator said: The matter of lost property was mentioned to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him), the Imam said: 'Do not interfere with it, for if people leave it, its owner will come and pick it up.'

📚Tahdhib, Vol. 6, p. 390

Etiquettes of making a will in narrations

✅T: Bequeathing miscellaneous general matters

أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ فِيمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُدْفَنَ فِي بَيْتِهِ وَ يُكَفَّنَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَثْوَابٍ أَحَدُهَا يَمَانٍ و لَا يَدْخُلَ قبره غَيْرُ عَلِيٍّ

📚Al-Tarf, p. 45

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'Among what the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) bequeathed was that he should be buried in his house and be shrouded in three cloths, one of which is Yemeni, and that no one other than Ali (peace be upon him) should enter his grave.'

مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَال سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُ لَمَّا احْتُضِرَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ لِلْحُسَيْنِ يا أَخِي إِنِّي أُوصِيكَ بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَاحْفَظْهَا فَإِذَا أَنَا مِتُّ فَهَيِّئْنِي ثُمَّ وَجِّهْنِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ لِأُحْدِثَ بِهِ عَهْداً ثُمَّ اصْرِفْنِي إِلَى أُمِّي فَاطِمَةَ ثُمَّ رُدَّنِي فَادْفِنِّي بِالْبَقِيعِ و اعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ سَيُصِيبُنِي مِنَ الْحُمَيْرَاءِ ما يَعْلَمُ النَّاسُ مِنْ صَنِيعِهَا الْحَدِيثَ.

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 1, p. 302

Translation: Muhammad ibn Muslim said: I heard Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) say: 'When Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) was in his final moments, he embraced Imam Husayn and said: 'O brother, when I pass away, prepare me and then take me towards the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) to renew a covenant with him, and then take me towards my mother Fatimah (peace be upon her), and then return me and bury me in al-Baqi' and know that something will soon come to me from 'Humayra'' (i.e., 'A'ishah) which the people know of her behavior.'

أَبِي عَبْداللَّه قَال: إِنَّ أَبِي اسْتَوْدَعَنِي ما هُنَاك فَلَمَّا حَضرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ قال ادْعُ لِي شُهُوداً فَدَعَوْتُ لَهُ أَرْبَعةً مِنْ قُريْشٍ- فَقَالَ اكْتُبْ هذا ما أَوْصَى بِهِ يَعْقُوبُ بَنِيهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ و أَوْصَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ إِلَى جعفر بن مُحمَّدٍ و أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُكَفِّنَهُ فِي بُرْدِهِ الّذي كان يُصَلِّي فِيهِ الْجُمُعَةَ و أَنْ يُعممهُ بِعمَامتِهِ وَ أَنْ يُرَبِّعَ قَبْرَهُ وَ يَرْفَعَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَصَابِعَ وَ أَنْ يَحُلَّ عَنْهُ أَطْمَارَهُ عِنْد دفْنِهِ

📚Irshad, p. 271

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'Indeed, my father entrusted everything (from the inheritance of the Imamate) with me, so when the time of his death approached, he said to me: 'Call witnesses,' and I invited four people from the Quraysh. Then he said: 'Write: This is what Ya'qub (peace be upon him and our Prophet and his family) bequeathed to his children...' until he said: 'Muhammad ibn Ali makes a will to Ja'far ibn Muhammad and commands him to shroud him in the cloth in which he used to pray Friday prayer and to wrap his turban on his head and to make his grave square and to raise it four fingers from the ground and to remove the old clothes from him at the time of burial.'

Abu 'Abdillah, from his fathers, said: 'When Fatimah (peace be upon her) was in her final moments, she made a will to Ali (peace be upon him), and she said: 'When I die, you take charge of my washing and prepare me and pray over me and place me in my grave and make a niche for me and smooth the soil over my grave and sit at my head opposite my face and recite the Qur'an a lot and make a lot of supplication, for it is a time when the deceased needs the companionship of the living, and I entrust you to Allah the Exalted and make a good will to you regarding my children.'

📚Bihar, Vol. 81

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) was asked about the reason why Fatimah was buried at night and not during the day? He said: 'Because she made a will that two Arab men (meaning the first and the second) should not pray over her.'

📚'Ilal al-Shara'i' by Saduq

✅From these examples of wills, there are many cases that we can also, by following the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), make a will for the necessary matters to our executor. For example, so that they do not bury us in the innovated multi-story graves, we can make a will to be buried in a specific cemetery or specify our desired shroud for shrouding or, in order to perform the washing, shrouding, burial, and 'talqin' correctly and in accordance with the tradition, we can introduce a specific person or, in order to prevent the holding of weekly and annual ceremonies that have no religious basis, we can make a will for them not to be held and many other cases that a person, considering his conditions and needs, performs the necessary wills in his will.

Etiquettes of making a will in narrations

✅Y: Bequeathing piety and good deeds

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 2, p. 331

عَنْ أَبِی جَعْفَرٍ علیه السلام قَالَ: لَمَّا حَضَرَ عَلِیَّ بْنَ الْحُسَیْنِ علیه السلام الْوَفَاةُ ضَمَّنِی إِلَی صَدْرِهِ وَ قَالَ یَا بُنَیَّ أُوصِیکَ بِمَا أَوْصَانِی بِهِ أَبِی حِینَ حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ وَ مِمَّا ذَکَرَ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَوْصَاهُ بِهِ قَالَ یَا بُنَیَّ إِیَّاکَ وَ ظُلْمَ مَنْ لَا یَجِدُ عَلَیْکَ نَاصِراً إِلَّا اللَّهَ

Translation: Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: 'When the death of Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him) approached, he held me to his chest and said: 'My son, I make a will to you with what my father bequeathed to me at the time of his death,' and he mentioned that his father had made this will to him: 'He said: 'My son, beware of oppressing one who has no helper against you except Allah.'

📚Mahasin, p. 80

عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أُمِّ حَمِيدَةَ أُعَزِّيهَا بِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَبَكَتْ وَ بَكَيْتُ لِبُكَائِهَا ثُمَّ قَالَتْ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ لَوْ رَأَيْتَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ لَرَأَيْتَ عَجَباً فَتَحَ عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اجْمَعُوا كُلَّ مَنْ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ قَرَابَةٌ قَالَتْ فَمَا تَرَكْنَا أَحَداً إِلَّا جَمَعْنَاهُ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ شَفَاعَتَنَا لَا تَنَالُ مُسْتَخِفّاً بِالصَّلَاةِ

Translation: Abu Basir said: 'I went to Umm Humaydah, the wife of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him), to console her regarding Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him). She wept and I wept with her weeping, then she said: 'O Abu Muhammad! If you had seen Imam Sadiq at the time of his death, you would have seen something wondrous. He opened his eyes and said: 'Gather everyone who has a kinship with me and him,' and we did not leave anyone except that we gathered them, and the Imam looked at them and said: 'Indeed, our intercession does not reach the one who takes his prayers lightly.'

Ali (peace be upon him) in a part of his will to Imam Hasan and Imam Husayn said:

I command you, and all my children and family, and those whom this will reaches, to fear Allah, and to be organized in the affairs of your life, and to establish reform and reconciliation among yourselves, for I heard from your grandfather the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) that he said:

'Reconciling among people is better than a year of prayer and fasting.'

📚Bihar

✅One of the important parts of the wills of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) for after death has been the will of piety and good deeds and the expression of various pieces of advice, which they have expressed both in writing and orally.

Unfortunately, in today's wills, this matter is less seen, while it is a very important matter that a person should make a will to his survivors for piety and other matters.

The person making the will can use the exact phrases of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) that have been narrated in this regard and invite his children and survivors to piety and warn them against disobedience, and he can also use other pieces of advice from the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) for the will and among them, recommend them to adhere to the verses and narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and write down any other necessary recommendations that are appropriate in this regard or express them orally. Of course, what is written and written down is more lasting and effective.

✅Very beautiful wills from Ali (peace be upon him) and other Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) have reached us that can be used in this matter.

✅We hope that all believers will dedicate a significant part of their will to these matters so that their heirs may benefit from it. If Allah wills.

Etiquettes of making a will in narrations

Taking witnesses for a will

📖Surah al-Ma'idah, verse 106

«يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنُوا شَهادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنانِ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ إِنْ أَنْتُمْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَأَصابَتْكُمْ مُصيبَةُ الْمَوْتِ تَحْبِسُونَهُما مِنْ بَعْدِ الصَّلاةِ فَيُقْسِمانِ بِاللَّهِ إِنِ ارْتَبْتُمْ لا نَشْتَري بِهِ ثَمَناً وَ لَوْ كانَ ذا قُرْبي وَ لا نَكْتُمُ شَهادَةَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا إِذاً لَمِنَ الْآثِمينَ»

Translation: 'O you who have believed! When death approaches one of you, at the time of making a will, two just men from among you should be witnesses; or if you are traveling and the calamity of death approaches you, (and you do not find a Muslim there) you should take two witnesses from among others than yourselves, and if you have doubt about their truthfulness when they give testimony, you should detain them after the prayer until they swear that we will not sell the truth for anything, even if it is regarding our relatives! And we will not conceal the testimony of Allah, for in that case, we would be among the sinners!'

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 7, p. 3

عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنانِ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ قُلْتُ مَا آخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ قَالَ هُمَا كَافِرَانِ قُلْتُ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ مُسْلِمَانِ

Translation: Abu Sabbah al-Kinani said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about the verse, 'O you who have believed! When death approaches one of you, at the time of making a will, two just men from among you should be witnesses; or two from among others than yourselves,' I asked: 'Who are these two from among others than yourselves?' He said: 'These are two disbelievers (non-Muslims) and 'two just men from among you' are two Muslims.'

✅One of the requirements of a will is the testimony of two just Muslims for it, which is mentioned in a verse of the Qur'an and numerous narrations, and the primary rule for this is that two Muslim men should be witnesses for the will, and in the absence of a Muslim at the time of death or the absence of a man, two non-Muslims and in certain conditions and with specific rulings, the testimony of women is also executable in a specific way, the details of which are mentioned in the Shi'a narrational books.

✅According to the narrations on this topic, it is necessary to establish two just witnesses for the matters we mention in the will, and after they are aware of the text and the matters of the will, they should be witnesses to it so that they can testify to it if needed.

✅A point worthy of attention is that according to the verse of the Qur'an, the fulfillment of justice is necessary for these two witnesses, and the conditions that are mentioned for justice in the narrations must be observed when choosing the witnesses.

Etiquettes of making a will in narrations

Choosing an executor

✅An executor is a person who is appointed by the person making the will to carry out the will.

📚Faqih, Vol. 4, p. 195

عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: إِنْ أَوْصَى رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ وَصِيَّتَهُ وَ إِنْ أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ بِالْبَلَدِ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ قَبِلَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَقْبَلْ.

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'If a person makes a will to a man while that person is absent, he does not have the right to reject his will, and if he makes a will to him while he is present in the city (and he chose him as an executor), he has the choice to accept if he wants and not to accept if he wants.'

📚Faqih, Vol. 4, p. 196

عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي إِلَى رَجُلٍ بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَيَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ لَا يَخْذُلْهُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْحَالِ

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said about a person who makes a will to a man and he dislikes accepting, he said: 'In such a case, he should not abandon him in his assistance and should not leave him to himself (meaning he should accept).'

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 7, p. 7

عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ رَجُلٌ دَعَاهُ وَالِدُهُ إِلَى قَبُولِ وَصِيَّتِهِ هَلْ لَهُ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ مِنْ قَبُولِ وَصِيَّتِهِ فَوَقَّعَ ع لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ

Translation: Ali ibn Rayyan said: I wrote to Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him): 'A man's father invites him to accept his will, does he have the right to refuse to accept his will?' The Imam (in response) wrote: 'It is not for him (and he does not have the right) to refuse.'

📚Faqih, Vol. 4, p. 226

عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: الْمَرْأَةُ لَا يُوصَى إِلَيْهَا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ وَ لا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهاءَ أَمْوالَكُمُ

Translation: Ali (peace be upon him) said: 'A woman is not appointed as an executor (meaning a woman is not chosen as an executor) because Allah, the Mighty and Exalted, says: 'Do not give your wealth to the foolish' (Surah al-Nisa', verse 5).'

✅It is clear from various narrations that the person making the will chooses a man as his executor to be in charge of executing his will, and it is obvious that we must choose a suitable, capable, worthy, and trustworthy person for this job.

Since every job requires knowledge, it is entrusted to a knowledgeable person as much as possible who can execute the will, but it must be taken into consideration that with regard to the limits of the executor's authority, someone should be chosen who the heirs will allow to interfere and spend the wealth in the intended places, and with careful planning, we should choose someone so that they do not get into a dispute and as a result, the will is not ruined.

Etiquettes of making a will in narrations

Final part: A few points about a will

📚Tahdhib, Vol. 9, p. 237

عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ الْعَابِدِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَوْصِنِي فَقَالَ أَعِدَّ جَهَازَكَ وَ قَدِّمْ زَادَكَ وَ كُنْ وَصِيَّ نَفْسِكَ وَ لَا تَقُلْ لِغَيْرِكَ يَبْعَثْ إِلَيْكَ بِمَا يُصْلِحُك

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 7, p. 65

Translation: 'Anbasah said: I said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): 'Make a will to me'; the Imam said: 'Prepare your needs and send your provisions forward and be your own executor and do not tell anyone other than yourself to send forward for you what is beneficial for you and what will be useful for you!'

📚Nahj al-Balaghah

قَالَ علیه السلام: یَا ابْنَ آدَمَ کُنْ وَصِیَّ نَفْسِکَ وَ اعْمَلْ فِی مَالِکَ مَا تُؤْثِرُ أَنْ یُعْمَلَ فِیهِ مِنْ بَعْدِک

Translation: The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: 'O son of Adam! Be your own executor and do in your wealth what you prefer to be done in it after you.'

✅According to the above narrations and their likes, it is very good and appropriate that many of the things we want to put in our will for our executor to do after us, we become our own executor and do them ourselves, such as: paying back rights of people, paying 'khums' debt, paying 'zakat' debt, and so on, connecting with relatives, giving to the poor, performing missed prayers and fasts, performing Hajj, making an endowment, ongoing charity, connecting with brothers and other things that we prefer and love for our executor to do for us after our death.

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 542

عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: مَنْ رَكِبَ رَاحِلَةً فَلْيُوصِ

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'Whoever rides a mount should make a will.'

✅Meaning, a person who is about to travel should make a will before leaving.

✅The topics mentioned in the etiquettes of a will were stated in a general way, each of which has different rulings, and if requested, their details will also be explained.

✅Other than the cases mentioned, a person can express all the necessary matters in his will in a way that he performs a complete and appropriate management and strengthening of his wealth and family so that his wealth and family are organized in the best possible way.

✅Regarding a will, be sure to also refer to questions 69, 239, and 273 of the channel:

t.me/porseshvapasokhe/97

t.me/porseshvapasokhe/327

t.me/porseshvapasokhe/370

✅In the narrations, the permission to choose two executors is implicitly mentioned and has its rulings. Therefore, if the person making the will deems it appropriate, he can choose two executors to carry out the will.

✅As much as possible, we should avoid ambiguous phrases in the will so that the executor clearly understands the will and carries it out.

✅According to the narration in 📚Tahdhib, Vol. 9, p. 236 and others, the person making the will can delegate the authorities to the executor and say: 'Whatever this executor of mine does is permissible.' In this case, the executor performs the necessary actions according to its limits regarding one-third of the wealth and so on, which of course, this must be done with careful planning and precision so that no problem occurs.

✅The remaining points from the etiquettes of a will, if requested by the respected users, will be presented. If Allah wills.

✅Publishing the narrations on the etiquettes of a will and other narrations available in this channel and introducing this channel to people who are interested and have a passion, will bring us a greater reward. If Allah wills.

اللَّهُمَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ