Question 272: What is the duty of a man who is unable to provide for his wife?
Answer
✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:
عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى وَ مَنْ قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنْفِقْ مِمَّا آتاهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ إِنْ أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا مَا يُقِيمُ ظَهْرَهَا مَعَ كِسْوَةٍ وَ إِلَّا فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا
📚 Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, vol. 3, p. 441
Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said regarding the saying of God Almighty (in Surah At-Talaq, verse 7), 'And let him whose provision has been restricted spend from that which Allah has given him,' he said: 'If he spends enough to keep his wife's back straight (and keep her standing) along with covering, then fine, otherwise, a separation is made between the two (with a divorce).'
عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ يَعْنِي الْمُرَادِيَّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُ مَنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَلَمْ يَكْسُهَا مَا يُوَارِي عَوْرَتَهَا وَ يُطْعِمْهَا مَا يُقِيمُ صُلْبَهَا كَانَ حَقّاً عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا.
📚 Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, vol. 3, p. 441
Translation: Abu Basir said: I heard Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) say: 'Whoever has a wife with him and he does not clothe her with enough to cover her nakedness and does not feed her enough to keep her standing and straight, it is the right of the Imam to separate the two (with a divorce).'
رَوَى عَنْبَسَةُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِذَا كَسَاهَا مَا يُوَارِي عَوْرَتَهَا وَ يُطْعِمُهَا مَا يُقِيمُ صُلْبَهَا أَقَامَتْ مَعَهُ وَ إِلَّا طَلَّقَهَا
📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 5, p. 512
Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'When he provides her with clothing to the extent of covering her nakedness and food to the extent of keeping her back straight, the woman stays with him, otherwise (the man) divorces her.'
✅ Based on several verses and narrations, the provision (nafaqa) for a permanent wife, including food, clothing, housing, and other necessities, is the responsibility of the husband, which has been explained with specific rules, customs, and limits in numerous narrations. Now, if a man is in no way able to provide for his wife's basic needs, according to the above hadiths, he must divorce her, and if he does not divorce her, the Imam himself will separate them and issue a divorce.
عَنْ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ الْفَارِسِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَإِمْساكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسانٍ وَ مَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا الْإِمْسَاكُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَكَفُّ الْأَذَى وَ إِحْبَاءُ النَّفَقَةِ وَ أَمَّا التَّسْرِيحُ بِإِحْسَانٍ فَالطَّلَاقُ عَلَى مَا نَزَلَ بِهِ الْكِتَابُ
✅ It is important to note that a woman's excessive demands are not a reason for this divorce, because it is observed that providing clothing to the extent of covering the woman and food to the extent of keeping her back straight and keeping her standing is enough for the woman to be obligated to stay with the man until God provides relief for them and they find ease.
✅ The above points, which are based on the Quranic verse mentioned in the first hadith, are considered special circumstances during the husband's hardship and do not contradict the numerous emphases of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) on providing for the family, as those are in their proper place. However, sometimes some men are in a specific state of hardship, and in response to the question of what their duty is now, the above hadiths are taken into consideration.