Question 1687: If a deposit is with an individual and due to some reason it is lost or damaged, who is responsible?
✅ Answer: Please refer to the following narrations:
1⃣عَنِ الْحَلَبِیِّ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْداللَّه قَالَ: صَاحِبُ الْوَدِیعَةِ وَ الْبِضَاعَةِ مُؤْتَمَنَانِ الْحَدِیثَ.
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 238
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: The owner of the deposit and the merchandise is trusted and is in a position of confidence and reliability!
2⃣عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّه عَنْ وَدِیعَةِ الذَّهَبِ وَ الْفِضَّةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ کُلُّ مَا کَانَ مِنْ وَدِیعَةٍ وَ لَمْ تَکُنْ مَضْمُونَةً لَا تَلْزَمُ.
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 239
Zurarah said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a deposit of gold and silver; the Imam said: Any deposit that is not guaranteed is not obligatory!
3⃣عَنْ أَبَانٍ [عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ] عَنْ أَبِی جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الَّذِی یَسْتَبْضِعُ الْمَالَ فَیَهْلِکُ أَوْ یُسْرَقُ أَ عَلَی صَاحِبِهِ ضَمَانٌ فَقَالَ لَیْسَ عَلَیْهِ غُرْمٌ بَعْدَ أَنْ یَکُونَ الرَّجُلُ أَمِیناً.
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 238
Muhammad said: I asked Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) about someone who gives property to another person to buy something for him, but the property is lost or stolen, without the second person being a partner in the profit. I asked if the person is liable for it. The Imam said: If that man is trustworthy, there is no liability on him!
4⃣سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ عَنِ الْمُودَعِ إِذَا کَانَ غَیْرَ ثِقَةٍ هَلْ یُقْبَلُ قَوْلُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ لَا یَمِینَ عَلَیْهِ.
📚 Al-Muqni' for al-Saduq, p. 386
I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about someone who receives a deposit, and if the person is untrustworthy, does his word count? The Imam said: Yes! And an oath is not required from him!
5⃣عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ: لَیْسَ لَکَ أَنْ تَتَّهِمَ مَنِ ائْتَمَنْتَهُ وَ لَا تَأْتَمِنَ الْخَائِنَ وَ قَدْ جَرَّبْتَهُ.
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 298
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: It is not for you to accuse someone whom you have considered trustworthy, nor should you appoint someone as trustworthy whom you have found to be deceitful!
6⃣عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِیِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ قَالَ کَتَبَ رَجُلٌ إِلَی الْفَقِیهِ علیه السلام فِی رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَی رَجُلٍ وَدِیعَةً وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ یَضَعَهَا فِی مَنْزِلِهِ أَوْ لَمْ یَأْمُرْهُ فَوَضَعَهَا الرَّجُلُ فِی مَنْزِلِ جَارِهِ فَضَاعَتْ هَلْ یَجِبُ عَلَیْهِ إِذَا خَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ أَوْ أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ مِلْکِهِ فَوَقَّعَ علیه السلام هُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.
📚 Al-Faqih, Vol. 3, p. 194
A man wrote to Imam Askari (peace be upon him) about a man who gives a deposit to someone and tells him to keep it at his home, or if he does not instruct him and the deposit is placed in a neighbor's house and is lost, whether the person is liable if he disobeys the instruction or removes the property from his own domain. The Imam (peace be upon him) wrote: He is responsible for it. Inshallah.
✅ Based on the above narrations and others, although it is recommended not to trust an untrustworthy person with a deposit, if a deposit is entrusted to someone, they are considered trustworthy and cannot be accused. If the deposit is lost or stolen, they are not liable.
✅ However, according to narration 6 and others, if the person receiving the deposit acts contrary to the owner's instructions or fails to properly guard the deposit and removes it from their own property, they are liable for its loss or damage and must compensate for it, even though the owner of the deposit cannot accuse them.
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر
https://t.me/porseshvapasokhe
نظرات (0)