✅ Answer: Please refer to the following narrations:

1⃣عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْحُسَیْنِ بْنِ الْمُخْتَارِ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ یُصَلِّی وَ هُوَ یَمْشِی تَطَوُّعاً

قَالَ نَعَمْ.

📚 Al-Mu'tabar, p. 147

Hussain bin Mukhtar says: I asked Imam Sadiq (AS) about a person who performs voluntary prayers while walking. The Imam replied: Yes!

2⃣مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُفِیدُ فِی الْمُقْنِعَةِ قَالَ: سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ یَجِدُّ بِهِ السَّیْرُ أَ یُصَلِّی عَلَی رَاحِلَتِهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِکَ وَ یُومِئُ إِیمَاءً وَ کَذَلِکَ الْمَاشِی إِذَا اضْطُرَّ إِلَی الصَّلَاةِ.

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📚 Al-Muqni'a, p. 70

Sheikh Mufid narrated in the book Al-Muqni'a that a question was asked to the Imam (AS) about a person whose movement is speeded up for some reason, asking if he can pray while riding. The Imam said: There is no problem, and for the bowing and prostration, he makes gestures. It is the same for a person walking, when they are compelled and forced to pray!

3⃣ عَنْ یَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَیْبٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّه عَنِ الرَّجُلِ یُصَلِّی عَلَی رَاحِلَتِهِ قَالَ یُومِئُ إِیمَاءً یَجْعَلُ السُّجُودَ أَخْفَضَ مِنَ الرُّکُوعِ قُلْتُ یُصَلِّی وَ هُوَ یَمْشِی قَالَ نَعَمْ یُومِئُ إِیمَاءً وَ لْیَجْعَلِ السُّجُودَ أَخْفَضَ مِنَ الرُّکُوعِ.

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 3, p. 440

Yaqoub bin Shaib says: I asked Imam Sadiq (AS) about a person who prays while on their mount. The Imam replied: He gestures, and the prostration is placed lower than the bowing.

I asked: Can someone pray while walking? He said: Yes! For bowing and prostration, he gestures, and the prostration is placed lower than the bowing (he lowers his head more than in bowing for prostration).

4⃣عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: إِنْ صَلَّيْتَ وَ أَنْتَ تَمْشِي كَبَّرْتَ ثُمَّ مَشَيْتَ فَقَرَأْتَ فَإِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَرْكَعَ أَوْمَأْتَ بِالرُّكُوعِ ثُمَّ أَوْمَأْتَ بِالسُّجُودِ وَ لَيْسَ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ تَطَوُّعٌ.

📚 Al-Tahdhib, vol. 3, p. 229

Imam Sadiq (AS) said: If you pray while walking, you say Takbir, then move, recite your prayer, and when you want to bow, gesture to bow, then gesture to prostrate, and during travel, there is no voluntary prayer during the day!

5⃣عَنْ مُعَاوِیَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ یُصَلِّیَ الرَّجُلُ صَلَاةَ اللَّیْلِ فِی السَّفَرِ وَ هُوَ یَمْشِی وَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ فَاتَتْهُ صَلَاةُ اللَّیْلِ أَنْ یَقْضِیَهَا بِالنَّهَارِ وَ هُوَ یَمْشِی یَتَوَجَّهُ إِلَی الْقِبْلَةِ ثُمَّ یَمْشِی وَ یَقْرَأُ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ یَرْکَعَ حَوَّلَ وَجْهَهُ إِلَی الْقِبْلَةِ وَ رَکَعَ وَ سَجَدَ ثُمَّ مَشَی.

📚 Al-Tahdhib, vol. 3, p. 229

Imam Sadiq (AS) said: There is no problem if a person prays their night prayer while walking during travel, and there is no issue if the night prayer is missed, to make it up during the day while walking. For Takbir, face the Qibla, then walk, recite your prayer, and when you want to bow, face the Qibla and perform bowing and prostration, then continue walking!

✅ Based on the above narrations and others, it is permissible to perform voluntary prayers while walking during travel and at home, but the obligatory prayer is only performed while walking in cases of necessity and emergency.

For praying while walking, bowing and prostration are performed by gesturing with the head downwards, and the prostration is placed lower than the bowing.

✅ In narration 5⃣, it is recommended that Takbir al-Ihram, bowing, and prostration should be done facing the Qibla, and this should be practiced if possible.

✅ Therefore, if a person is not allowed to perform Fajr prayer within the legal time frame and must move and walk during the entire legal time, they should pray while walking and make gestures with their head for bowing and prostration.

اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر