✅Answer: According to narrations, 'ariyah' (loan) is one of the examples of 'ma'un' which is mentioned in Surah Al-Ma'un, according to which we temporarily lend objects and items to others to use them and then return them to us.

Ariyah has rulings, some of which are mentioned below:

أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي حَدِيثٍ قَالَ: إِذَا هَلَكَتِ الْعَارِيَّةُ عِنْد الْمُسْتَعِيرِ لَمْ يَضْمَنْهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْه

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 5, p. 238

Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said in a narration: If the loaned item is lost with the borrower, he is not liable for it unless it has been stipulated with him.

عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْعَارِيَّةِ فَقَالَ لَا غُرْمَ عَلَى مُسْتَعِيرِ عَارِيَّةٍ إِذَا هَلَكَتْ إِذَا كَانَ مَأْمُوناً

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 5, p. 239

Abdullah ibn Sinan said: I asked Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, about a loan; The Imam said: If the loaned item is destroyed with the borrower, as long as he is trustworthy, there is no compensation or liability on him.

محمد بن مسلم عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْعَارِيَّةِ يَسْتَعِيرُهَا الْإِنْسَانُ فَتَهْلِكُ أَوْ تُسْرَقُ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ أَمِيناً فَلَا غُرْمَ عَلَيْهِ

📚 Al-Tahdheeb, vol. 7, p. 182

Muhammad ibn Muslim said: I asked Imam Baqir, peace be upon him, about a loaned item that a person takes and it is lost or stolen; The Imam said: If that person is trustworthy, there is no compensation or liability on him.

✅ Based on the above narrations, if a loaned item is destroyed or damaged with the borrower, the borrower is not liable, provided that he is trustworthy, unless it was stipulated with him when the item was given on loan that this loan is guaranteed, in which case he is liable for any problem that occurs to that item.

✅ However, the ruling for something made of gold and silver is different, as can be seen in the following narrations:

أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: الْعَارِيَّةُ لَيْسَ عَلَى مُسْتَعِيرِهَا ضَمَانٌ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ فَإِنَّهُمَا مَضْمُونَانِ اشْتُرِطَا أَوْ لَمْ يُشْتَرَطَا

📚 Faqih, vol. 3, p. 302

Imam Sadiq or Imam Kazim, peace be upon them, said: The borrower is not liable for the loan except for what is from gold or silver, for indeed these two are guaranteed, whether it is stipulated or not.

زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَارِيَّةُ مَضْمُونَةٌ فَقَالَ جَمِيعُ مَا اسْتَعَرْتَهُ فَتَوِيَ فَلَا يَلْزَمُكَ تَوَاهُ إِلَّا الذَّهَبَ وَ الْفِضَّةَ فَإِنَّهُمَا يَلْزَمَانِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَشْتَرِطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ مَتَى تَوِيَ لَمْ يَلْزَمْكَ تَوَاهُ وَ كَذَلِكَ جَمِيعُ مَا اسْتَعَرْتَ فَاشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْكَ لَزِمَكَ وَ الذَّهَب وَ الْفِضَّةُ لَازِمٌ لَكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُشْتَرَطْ عَلَيْك

Zurarah said: I said to Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him: Is the loan guaranteed? The Imam said: All those things that you borrow and they are lost, you are not obligated to compensate for them except for gold and silver, for indeed these two must be compensated for, unless you stipulate with him that whenever it is lost, you are not obligated to compensate for it, and also all the things that you borrow and it is stipulated with you, it is obligatory on you, and gold and silver are obligatory on you even if it is not stipulated with you.

✅ Based on the above narrations, if we loan something made of gold and silver, whether we have stipulated a guarantee or not, the borrower is liable, and if it is destroyed or damaged, he must pay us for it, unless the borrower stipulates when taking it that if it is lost, I am not liable, in which case if, for example, a gold necklace is lost or broken, the borrower is not liable, but if we did not stipulate with the owner, we must pay for the compensation and damages. In the scenario of the question, if the guarantee of loss is not stipulated, the borrower is liable for the gold jewelry.

✅ Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, in a narration considered loaning an item to be one of the examples of 'ma'un' that is mentioned in the Quran, and the narrator said:

إِنَّ لَنَا جِيرَاناً إِذَا أَعَرْنَاهُمْ مَتَاعاً كَسَرُوهُ وَ أَفْسَدُوهُ فَعَلَيْنَا جُنَاحٌ أَنْ نَمْنَعَهُمْ فَقَالَ لَا لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَمْنَعُوهُمْ إِذَا كَانُوا كَذَلِكَ

That is, we have neighbors who, when we lend them an item, they break and ruin it, is there a sin on us in this case if we refuse to lend them (and do not lend to them)? The Imam said: If they are like that, there is no sin on you to refuse them (and not lend to them).

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 3, p. 499