Question 1578: Is it permissible to buy and sell only one floor of a multi-story building?

Answer
✅ Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:
1 کَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَی أَبِی مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِیٍّ علیه السلام فِی رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَی مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَیْتاً فِی دَارٍ لَهُ بِجَمِیعِ حُقُوقِهِ وَ فَوْقَهُ بَیْتٌ آخَرُ هَلْ یَدْخُلُ الْبَیْتُ الْأَعْلَی فِی حُقُوقِ الْبَیْتِ الْأَسْفَلِ أَمْ لَا فَوَقَّعَ علیه السلام لَیْسَ لَهُ إِلَّا مَا اشْتَرَاهُ بِاسْمِهِ وَ مَوْضِعِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
📚 Al-Faqih, vol. 3, p. 242
Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Saffar wrote to Imam Hasan al-'Askari (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 'A person buys a room in someone's house with all its rights, and there is another room on top of that room. Does the upper room enter into the rights of the lower room or not?' The Imam (peace be upon him) wrote in reply: 'Nothing belongs to him except what he has bought with its name and location. If Allah wills!'
2 عَنِ الصَّفَّارِ أَنَّهُ کَتَبَ إِلَیْهِ فِی رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَی حُجْرَةً أَوْ مَسْکَناً فِی دَارٍ بِجَمِیعِ حُقُوقِهَا وَ فَوْقَهَا بُیُوتٌ وَ مَسْکَنٌ آخَرُ فَتَدْخُلُ الْبُیُوتُ الْأَعْلَی وَ الْمَسْکَنُ الْأَعْلَی فِی حُقُوقِ هَذِهِ الْحُجْرَةِ أَوِ الْمَسْکَنِ الْأَسْفَلِ الَّذِی اشْتَرَاهُ أَمْ لَا فَوَقَّعَ لَیْسَ لَهُ مِنْ ذَلِکَ إِلَّا الْحَقُّ الَّذِی اشْتَرَاهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.
📚 Al-Tahdhib, vol. 7, p. 150
Al-Saffar wrote to the Imam (al-'Askari) (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 'A person buys a room or a dwelling with all its rights in a house while there are other rooms and a dwelling on top of it. Do the upper rooms and dwelling enter into the rights of this lower room or dwelling that he has bought or not?' The Imam wrote: 'Nothing belongs to him except that right which he has bought. If Allah wills!'
3 عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي حَدِيثٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا عُمَرُ قَدْ أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَ حَرَّمَ الرِّبَا بِعْ وَ ارْبَحْ وَ لَا تُرْبِهْ....
📚 Al-Tahdhib, vol. 7, p. 18
Imam Sadiq (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said in a hadith to 'Umar ibn Yazid: 'O 'Umar, indeed Allah has made buying and selling permissible and has forbidden usury. Sell and profit, and do not take usury!'
✅ According to the first two narrations, which are in fact one narration with slight differences in wording, and the generalities of the hadiths on selling, it is clear that one can buy and sell one floor of a multi-story building. In fact, only the specific position and location that are mentioned by name in the contract of sale are subject to the transaction, whether it is the entire building with its upper and lower floors, or just one floor or part of one floor of the building.
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر
Who is safe from deviation during the time of occultation?
Imam Sadiq (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 'Charity at night averts bad death and repels seventy kinds of calamities!'
📚 Thawab al-A'mal
اللَّهُمَّ کُنِ الطَّالِبَ لَهَا مِمَّنْ ظَلَمَهَا وَ اسْتَخَفَّ بِحَقِّهَا
یَا مَوْلَاتِی یَا فَاطِمَةُ أَغِیثِینِی
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ
وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ
Curse be upon the one who established Saqifah
Curse be upon everyone who became a caliph unjustly
اللَّهُمَّ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ
الصَّلَاةُ عَلَی السَّیِّدَةِ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَیْهَا السَّلَامُ :
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی الصِّدِّیقَةِ فَاطِمَةَ الزَّهْرَاءِ الزَّکِیَّةِ حَبِیبَةِ نَبِیِّکَ وَ أُمِّ أَحِبَّائِکَ وَ أَصْفِیَائِکَ الَّتِی انْتَجَبْتَهَا وَ فَضَّلْتَهَا وَ اخْتَرْتَهَا عَلَی نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِینَ اللَّهُمَّ کُنِ الطَّالِبَ لَهَا مِمَّنْ ظَلَمَهَا وَ اسْتَخَفَّ بِحَقِّهَا اللَّهُمَّ وَ کُنِ الثَّائِرَ لَهَا بِدَمِ أَوْلَادِهَا اللَّهُمَّ وَ کَمَا جَعَلْتَهَا أُمَّ أَئِمَّةِ الْهُدَی وَ حَلِیلَةَ صَاحِبِ اللِّوَاءِ الْکَرِیمَةَ عِنْدَ الْمَلَإِ الْأَعْلَی فَصَلِّ عَلَیْهَا وَ عَلَی أُمِّهَا خَدِیجَةَ الْکُبْرَی صَلَاةً تُکْرِمُ بِهَا وَجْهَ مُحَمَّدٍ صلی الله علیه و آله وَ تُقِرُّ بِهَا أَعْیُنَ ذُرِّیَّتِهَا وَ أَبْلِغْهُمْ عَنِّی فِی هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ أَفْضَلَ التَّحِیَّةِ وَ السَّلَامِ.
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ
وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ