Question 1557: Can a woman go on pilgrimage to Karbala and other holy shrines of the Infallibles without her husband's permission and consent?

605 18 Sep 2022
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✅ Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 عن أَبِی عَبْداللَّه قَالَ: أَرْبَعَةٌ لَا تُقْبَلُ لَهُمْ صَلَاةٌ الْإِمَامُ الْجَائِرُ و الرَّجُلُ یَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ و هُمْ لَهُ کَارِهُونَ وَ الْعَبْدُ الْآبِقُ مِنْ مَوْلَاهُ مِنْ غَیْرِ ضَرُورَةٍ و الْمَرْأَةُ تَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَیْتِ زَوْجِهَا بِغَیْرِ إِذْنِه

📚 Khisal, p. 242

Imam Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'The prayer of four people is not accepted: a tyrannical leader, a man who leads a group in prayer while they dislike him, a slave who runs away from his master without necessity, and a woman who leaves her house without her husband's permission!'

2 عَلِیُّ بْنُ جَعْفَر عَنْ أَخِیهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ أَ لَهَا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ بِغَیْرِ إِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا قَالَ لَا

📚 Masail Ali ibn Ja'far, p. 179

Ali ibn Ja'far says: I asked Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon them) about a woman, whether she can go out without her husband's permission. He said: 'No!'

3 عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ آبَائِهِ فِی حَدِیثِ الْمَنَاهِی قَالَ: نَهَی رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ بَیْتِهَا بِغَیْرِ إِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا فَإِنْ خَرَجَتْ لَعَنَهَا کُلُّ مَلَکٍ فِی السَّمَاءِ وَ کُلُّ شَیْءٍ تَمُرُّ عَلَیْهِ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَ الْإِنْسِ حَتَّی تَرْجِعَ إِلَی بَیْتِهَا

📚 Al-Faqih, Vol. 4, p. 6

Imam Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) forbade a woman from leaving her house without her husband's permission and consent. If she does leave, every angel in the heaven and every human and jinn that passes by her curses her until she returns to her house!'

4 عَنِ السَّکُونِیِّ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْداللَّه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَیُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ خَرَجَتْ مِنْ بَیْتِهَا بِغَیْرِ إِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا فَلَا نَفَقَةَ لَهَا حَتَّی تَرْجِع

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 514

Imam Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Any woman who leaves her house without her husband's permission, there is no maintenance for her until she returns!'

5 عن محمد يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُسْلِمٍ عن أَبِي جَعْفَرٍقال: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ لَمْ تَحُجَّ وَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ و أَبَى أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَهَا فِي الْحَجِّ فَغَابَ زَوْجُهَا فَهَلْ لَهَا أَنْ تَحُجَّ قَالَ لَا طَاعَةَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا في حَجَّةِ الْإِسْلَام

📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 5, p. 400

Muhammad ibn Muslim says: I asked Imam Al-Baqir (peace be upon him): 'A woman who has not yet performed Hajj (sorurah) and has a husband, and her husband refuses to give her permission for Hajj and he is absent, can she go on Hajj?' The Imam said: 'In the case of Hajj al-Islam, there is no obedience to the husband on the woman's neck!'

6 عن زرارة عن أَبي جَعْفَر قال:سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ لَهَا زَوْجٌ و هِيَ صَرُورَةٌ و لَا يَأْذَنُ لَهَا في الْحَجِّ قَالَ تَحُجُّ و إِنْ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَهَا

📚 Faqih, Vol. 2, p. 437

Zurarah says: I asked Imam Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) about a woman who is married and is 'sorurah' (has not yet performed Hajj) and her husband does not give her permission for Hajj. The Imam said: 'She should perform Hajj even if he does not give her permission.'

7 Imam Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) was asked about a woman who intends to perform Hajj and there is no mahram (unmarriageable kin) with her, whether it is good for her to go on Hajj. He said: 'Yes, if she is in a trusted group.'

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 282

8 Muawiyah ibn Ammar says: I asked Imam Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a woman who goes out for Hajj without a guardian. The Imam said: 'There is no problem; she should go with a trusted and reliable group.'

📚 Faqih, Vol. 2, p. 438

9 Ishaq ibn Ammar from Abu al-Hasan says: I asked him about a wealthy woman who has already performed her Hajj al-Islam and tells her husband: 'Send me on Hajj from my own wealth.' Does he have the right to prevent her from doing so? He said: 'Yes, and he can say to her: 'My right over you is greater than your right over me in this matter!'

📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 5, p. 400

✅ Based on the above narrations and others, a woman does not have the right to leave the house without her husband's permission, and therefore, even for the pilgrimage to the Infallibles, she must seek her husband's permission.

✅ However, a financially able woman who has not yet performed Hajj can go for her obligatory Hajj if she is in a trusted group, even if her husband does not give permission, but for subsequent Hajjs, she needs her husband's permission.

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