Question 1517: If someone in a state of ihram has ridden in a roofed car but has not been able to pay the expiation for it in Mina or Mecca or has not done so, what is his duty?
Answer
✅ Answer: Pay attention to the following narrations:
1 عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِیرَةِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِی الْحَسَنِ الْأَوَّل أُظَلِّلُ وَ أَنَا مُحْرِمٌ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ أَ فَأُظَلِّلُ وَ أُکَفِّرُ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ مَرِضْتُ قَالَ ظَلِّلْ وَ کَفِّرْ
📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 5, p. 313
Abdullah said: I said to Imam Kazim, peace be upon him: Should I take a shade over my head while in a state of ihram? He said: No! I said: Should I take a shade and pay an expiation? He said: No! I said: What if I get sick?! He said: Take a shade and pay an expiation!
2 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِیلَ بْنِ بَزِیعٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا قَالَ: سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنِ الظِّلَالِ لِلْمُحْرِمِ مِنْ أَذَی مَطَرٍ أَوْ شَمْسٍ وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ یَفْدِیَ شَاةً وَ یَذْبَحَهَا بِمِنًی.
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 351
A man asked Imam Reza, peace be upon him, about a shade for a person in a state of ihram because of the harm of rain or sun, and I was also listening; so the Imam commanded him to offer a sheep as a ransom and slaughter it in Mina!
3 عَنِ الْحَلَبِیِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ یَرْکَبُ فِی الْقُبَّةِ قَالَ مَا یُعْجِبُنِی إِلَّا أَنْ یَکُونَ مَرِیضاً قُلْتُ فَالنِّسَاءُ قَالَ نَعَمْ.
📚 Tahdhib, Vol. 5, p. 312
Halabi said: I asked Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, about a man who rides on a roofed (mount); the Imam said: I do not like it unless he is sick! I said: What about women? He said: Yes!
4 عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّه قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ یَخْرُجُ [یجرح] مِنْ حَجَّتِهِ شَیْئاً یَلْزَمُهُ مِنْهُ دَمٌ یُجْزِئُهُ أَنْ یَذْبَحَهُ إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَی أَهْلِهِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ وَ قَالَ فِیمَا أَعْلَمُ یَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ وَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِی إِبْرَاهِیمَ الرَّجُلُ یَخْرُجُ مِنْ حَجَّتِهِ مَا یَجِبُ عَلَیْهِ الدَّمُ وَ لَا یُهَرِیقُهُ حَتَّی یَرْجِعَ إِلَی أَهْلِهِ فَقَالَ یُهَرِیقُهُ فِی أَهْلِه...
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 488
Ishaq said: I said to Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him: A man does something in his Hajj for which a sacrifice becomes obligatory on him. Is it sufficient for him to slaughter it when he returns to his family? He said: Yes! And as far as I know, he said: He should give it as charity.
Ishaq said: I said to Imam Kazim, peace be upon him: A person commits something in his Hajj for which a sacrifice becomes obligatory on him, but he does not sacrifice it until he returns to his family. The Imam said: He should sacrifice it with his family and in his homeland...
5 عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّه قَالَ: مَنْ وَجَبَ عَلَیْهِ هَدْیٌ فِی إِحْرَامِهِ فَلَهُ أَنْ یَنْحَرَهُ حَیْثُ شَاءَ إِلَّا فِدَاءَ الصَّیْدِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ یَقُولُ هَدْیاً بالِغَ الْکَعْبَة
📚 Al-Kafi
Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: A person for whom a sacrifice has become obligatory during his ihram can sacrifice it wherever he wants, except for the ransom (expiation) for hunting, for Allah, the Exalted, says (in Surah Al-Ma'idah, verse 95, regarding hunting): 'as a sacrifice to be brought to the Kaaba'!
✅ According to the above narrations and others, a man who is in a state of ihram for Hajj or Umrah should not take a shade over his head and should not ride on a domed or roofed mount, and if he does so, he must perform the expiation for it, which is one sacrifice, but for women, there is no problem with that.
Of course, if a man is forced to use a shade and a roofed mount due to a reason or sickness or the harm of rain or the harm of the sun, he is excused, but he must pay the expiation for it.
✅ The impermissibility of using a tadhllil (shade) and not using a shade, and the impermissibility of riding on a domed and roofed mount for a man is absolute and is not specific to the daytime, and not using a shade is from the sun, and also from the rain, and also from the cold, and therefore, riding in a roofed car at night does not waive the obligation of expiation and the prohibition of this act!
✅ If a person has not performed or was not able to perform the expiation for using a shade and riding on a roofed mount in Mina or Mecca, according to narrations 4 and 5 , he pays this expiation after returning to his homeland, and for this purpose, he slaughters a sheep and gives its meat as charity.
✅ The breadth and dispensation of the expiation sacrifice of ihram in the homeland does not include the expiation for hunting, and the expiation for hunting must be performed in Mina or Mecca according to whether the ihram is for Hajj or Umrah.
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ