✅ Answer: In numerous narrations, including in 📚 Jami' al-Ahadith, Vol. 5, Page 314, Chapter 4, raising the hands during Takbir is mentioned as an adornment of prayer and a form of devotion, humility, and supplication. These narrations are general and include the Imam, the followers, and those praying individually. This is further supported by the following narration:

فِي الْعِلَلِ وَ عُيُونِ الْأَخْبَارِ بِأَسَانِيدَ تَأْتِي عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ: إِنَّمَا تُرْفَعُ الْيَدَانِ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ لِأَنَّ رَفْعَ الْيَدَيْنِ ضَرْبٌ مِنَ الِابْتِهَالِ وَ التَّبَتُّلِ وَ التَّضَرُّعِ فَأَحَبَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْعَبْدُ فِي وَقْتِ ذِكْرِهِ لَهُ مُتَبَتِّلًا مُتَضَرِّعاً مُبْتَهِلًا وَ لِأَنَّ فِي رَفْعِ الْيَدَيْنِ إِحْضَارَ النِّيَّةِ وَ إِقْبَالَ الْقَلْبِ عَلَى مَا قَالَ.

📚 Tahdhib, Vol. 2, Page 287

عَنْ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ يَعْنِي أَحْمَدَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ وَ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ: قَالَ: عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ يَدَهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ لَيْسَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ يَدَهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ.

Some have inferred from this narration that followers in congregational prayer should not raise their hands during Takbir. However, the following points should be considered:

1. This narration is essentially a single Hadith narrated in different contexts.

2. This narration appears with slight variations in the books Tahdhib and Qurb al-Isnad, potentially leading to different interpretations.

3. The general meaning of this narration, which includes individual prayers, conflicts with numerous other narrations that universally recommend raising hands during Takbir in all prayers, whether congregational or individual.

4. This narration aligns with Sunni practices, and its alignment is supported by other narrations, such as the letter of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) in 📚 Rawdat al-Kafi, Page 7.

5. Evidence from Eid and funeral prayers, which are congregational prayers, indicates that followers also raise their hands during Takbir:

عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي رِسَالَةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ كَتَبَهَا إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: دَعُوا رَفْعَ أَيْدِيكُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ إِلَّا مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً حِينَ يُفْتَتَحُ الصَّلَاةُ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ شَهَرُوكُمْ بِذَلِكَ وَ اللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ وَ لَا حَوْلَ وَ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ.

📚 Tahdhib, Vol. 3, Page 288

📚 Furu' al-Kafi, Vol. 3, Page 184

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَشْيَمَ عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ تَكْبِيرِ الْعِيدَيْنِ أَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَهُ مَعَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ أَمْ يُجْزِيهِ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فِي أَوَّلِ التَّكْبِيرِ فَقَالَ يَرْفَعُ مَعَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ.

Considering the mentioned evidence and other indications, including the rarity of this narration among Shia and its alignment with Sunni practices, the majority of Shia scholars adhere to the universal narrations that recommend raising hands during every Takbir in all prayers. Such narrations are considered to have been practiced in times of Taqiyya. God willing.

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ عِدَّةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ع قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ النَّاسَ- يَرْفَعُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فِي التَّكْبِيرِ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ فِي التَّكْبِيرَةِ الْأُولَى وَ لَا يَرْفَعُونَ فِيمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْتَصِرُ عَلَى التَّكْبِيرَةِ الْأُولَى كَمَا يَفْعَلُونَ أَوْ أَرْفَعُ يَدَيَّ فِي كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ فَقَالَ ارْفَعْ يَدَكَ فِي كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ.

It is noteworthy that this Hadith was not narrated by Sheikh Saduq or Sheikh Kulayni in their books. Sheikh Tusi, after narrating it in his book Tahdhib, provided an interpretation for it.