Zakat

✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْیَنَ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّه فِی رَجُلٍ أَخْرَجَ فِطْرَتَهُ فَعَزَلَهَا حَتَّی یَجِدَ لَهَا أَهْلًا فَقَالَ إِذَا أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ ضَمَانِهِ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ وَ إِلَّا فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهَا حَتَّی یُؤَدِّیَهَا إِلَی أَرْبَابِهَا.

📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 4, p. 77

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said about a person who takes out and sets aside their 'zakat al-fitr' to find its deserving recipient: 'If he has taken it out of his responsibility, he is free of debt, otherwise he is responsible for it until he delivers it to its owners!'

2 عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِاللَّهِ علیه السلام عَنِ الْفِطْرَةِ قَالَ إِذَا عَزَلْتَهَا فَلَا یَضُرُّکَ مَتَی مَا أَعْطَیْتَهَا قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ أَوْ بَعْدَهَا

📚Al-Faqih, Vol. 2, p. 181

Ishaq ibn Ammar said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about 'zakat al-fitr'; the Imam said: 'If you set it aside, it does not harm you when you pay it: before the Eid prayer or after the prayer!'

3 عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْداللَّهِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ الضَّيْفُ مِنْ إِخْوَانِهِ فَيَحْضُرُ يَوْمُ الْفِطْرِ يُؤَدِّي عَنْهُ الْفِطْرَةَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ الْفِطْرَةُ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنْ يَعُولُ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ حُرٍّ أَوْ مَمْلُوكٍ.

📚Al-Faqih, Vol. 2, p. 178

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 173

Umar ibn Yazid said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a man who has a guest from his brothers with him, and the day of Fitr arrives, should he pay the 'zakat al-fitr' on his behalf? The Imam said: 'Yes! 'Zakat al-fitr' is obligatory on everyone whose sustenance he provides, whether male or female, young or old, free or slave!'

4 عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْداللَّهِ قَالَ: كُلُّ مَنْ ضَمَمْتَ إِلَى عِيَالِكَ مِنْ حُرٍّ أَوْ مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْكَ أَنْ تُؤَدِّيَ الْفِطْرَةَ عَنْهُ الْحَدِيثَ.

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 170

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'Anyone whom you join to your family, whether free or slave, then it is your duty to pay the 'zakat al-fitr' on his behalf!'

5 قَالَ الشَّيْخُ فِي الْخِلَافِ رَوَى أَصْحَابُنَا أَنَّ مَنْ أَضَافَ إِنْسَاناً طُولَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ تَكَفَّلَ بِعَيْلُولَتِهِ لَزِمَتْهُ فِطْرَتُهُ.

📚Al-Khilaf, p. 209

Sheikh Tusi said: 'Our companions have narrated that indeed, whoever hosts a person during the month of Ramadan and takes on his sustenance, his 'fitr' (charity) is obligatory upon him!'

6 عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه أَنَّهُمَا قَالا عَلَى الرَّجُلِ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ عَنْ كُلِّ مَنْ يَعُولُ مِنْ حُرٍّ وَ عَبْدٍ صَغِيرٍ وَ كَبِيرٍ يُعْطِي يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ وَ هُوَ فِي سَعَةٍ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهَا فِي أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ يَدْخُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى آخِرِهِ...

📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 4, p. 76

Imam Baqir and Imam Sadiq (peace be upon them) said: 'It is the duty of a man to give 'fitr' on behalf of all his family, whether free or slave, young or old, on the day of Eid al-Fitr, and this is the best, and he has the leeway and is allowed to pay it from the first day the month of Ramadan begins until its end...'

✅ Based on narration 3 and the generality of narration 4 and the like, if a guest is with a person during the month of Ramadan and stays with them until 'yawm al-fitr,' which, according to narrations mentioned in question 971, begins at sunset, the host is obligated to pay the 'zakat al-fitr' for them.

✅ No other specific narration has been transmitted in the explanation of the generalities of hadith 3.

✅ Based on narration 6, permission to pay 'zakat al-fitr' has been given from the beginning of the month of Ramadan until its end, and according to narrations 1 and 2, when 'zakat al-fitr' is taken out of the wealth and set aside, there is leeway and permission regarding the time of its payment if a deserving person is not found, and the person, upon setting aside the 'zakat al-fitr', is responsible for paying and delivering it to its deserving recipient, and because his 'zakat al-fitr' has been set aside, there is no 'zakat al-fitr' on his shoulders that would become the host's responsibility if he becomes a guest, and he is only responsible for delivering the set-aside 'fitr' to its deserving recipient, and his 'fitr' is waived from the host.

اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ

وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ