✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ یَحْیَی عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِیلَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَیْلِ عَنْ أَبِی الصَّبَّاحِ الْکِنَانِیِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَلَیْهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَیَّامٌ أَ یَتَطَوَّعُ فَقَالَ لَا حَتَّی یَقْضِیَ مَا عَلَیْهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 123

Abu Sabah al-Kinani said: 'I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): 'Can someone who has make-up fasts from Ramadan to perform do supererogatory (nafl) fasts?' The Imam said: 'No! Not until he has performed all the make-up fasts of Ramadan that are upon him!'

2 عَنِ الْحَلَبِیِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ عَلَیْهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ طَائِفَةٌ أَیَتَطَوَّعُ فَقَالَ لَا حَتَّی یَقْضِیَ مَا عَلَیْهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 123

Al-Halabi said: 'I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a person who has some make-up fasts from Ramadan to perform. Can he perform supererogatory (nafl) fasts?' He said: 'No! Not until he has made up for what is due from him from Ramadan!'

3 حفص بن البختري عن أَبي عبداللَّه في الرَّجُل يَمُوتُ و عَلَيْه صَلَاةٌ أَو صِيَامٌ قال يَقْضِي عَنْهُ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِمِيرَاثِهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَان أَوْلَى النَّاس بِهِ امْرَأَةً فقال لا إِلَّا الرِّجَالُ

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 123

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said regarding a person who dies and has prayers and fasts to perform: 'The person most deserving of his inheritance should perform them on his behalf.'

I said: 'What if the person most deserving of his inheritance is a woman?' He said: 'No, only men!'

4 عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَمَّنْ ذَکَرَهُ عن أبي عبدالله قال: سَأَلْتُهُ عن الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ و عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَان مَنْ يَقْضِي عَنْهُ قال أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ قُلْتُ و إِنْ كَانَ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ امْرَأَةً قَالَ لَا إِلَّا الرِّجَال

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 124

The narrator said: 'I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a person who dies and has a debt of Ramadan fasts to perform. Who should perform them on his behalf?'

He said: 'The person most deserving of him!'

I said: 'Even if the person most deserving of him is a woman?'

He said: 'No, only (from) men!'

5️⃣ And when a man dies and has make-up fasts from Ramadan to perform, it is the duty of his closest male kin (wali) to perform them on his behalf, and similarly for one who missed them due to travel or illness, unless he died in his illness before recovering, in which case there is no make-up on him. And if the deceased has two closest male kin, it is the duty of the older of the two men to perform them on his behalf, but if there is no male closest kin for him, his female closest kin performs them on his behalf.

📚Al-Muqni', p. 63

Shaykh Saduq said in the book 'Al-Muqni', which he considered to be based on the narrations of Shi'a elders without the chain of transmission: 'When a person dies and has make-up fasts from Ramadan to perform, it is the duty of his closest male kin (wali) to perform them on his behalf, and also if they were missed during a journey, unless he died in his illness before recovering, in which case there is no make-up (for the fast) on him. And if the deceased has two closest male kin, it is the duty of the older of the two men to perform them on his behalf, but if there is no male closest kin for him, his female closest kin performs it on his behalf!'

✅Based on the above and other narrations, if a person dies and has make-up fasts from Ramadan to perform, the duty to perform these fasts falls upon the person most deserving of his inheritance from the men, who is the oldest of his closest male kin. According to narrations 1 and 2 and others, if a person has any make-up fasts from Ramadan to perform, he cannot perform supererogatory (nafl) fasts until he first performs the make-up fasts.

Therefore, if a man is obligated to perform the make-up fasts of his deceased father and mother, he must first perform those fasts and then, if he wishes, he may perform supererogatory (nafl) fasts. If Allah wills.

اللَّهُمَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Recommendation for ritual washing (ghusl) on the first night of Ramadan:

https://feghh14.com/en/629