✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 عن أَبِی حَمْزَةَ عَنْ عَلِیِّ بْنِ الْحُسَیْنِ قال: لَا عَمَلَ إِلَّا بِنِیَّةٍ

📚 Kafi, Vol. 2, p. 84

Imam Sajjad, peace be upon him, said: No act is valid except with intention and purpose!

2 عن عبدالرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عن أَبِی الْحَسَنِ فِی الرَّجُلِ یَبْدُو لَهُ بَعْدَ مَا یُصْبِحُ و یَرْتَفِعُ النَّهَارُ فی صَوْمِ ذَلکَ الْیَوْمِ لِیَقْضِیَهُ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ و لَمْ یَکُنْ نَوَی ذَلکَ مِنَ اللَّیْلِ قال نَعَمْ لِیَصُمْهُ و لْیَعْتَدَّ بِهِ إِذا لَمْ یَکُنْ أَحْدَثَ شَیْئاً

📚 Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 122

Imam Kadhim, peace be upon him, was asked about a person who, after morning has come and the day has risen, has a thought to fast that day to make up for a missed Ramadan fast, and he had not intended it from the night. He said: Yes! He should fast it and count it, on the condition that he has not done anything (that invalidates the fast)!

3 عن عمار السَّابَاطِیِّ عن أَبِی عبداللَّهِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ یَکُونُ عَلَیْهِ أَیَّامٌ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ و یُرِیدُ أَنْ یَقْضِیَهَا مَتَی یُرِیدُ أَنْ یَنْوِیَ الصِّیَامَ قال هُوَ بِالْخِیَارِ إِلَی أَنْ تَزُولَ الشَّمْسُ فَإِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَإِنْ کَانَ نَوَی الصَّوْمَ فَلْیَصُمْ و إِنْ کَانَ یَنْوِی الْإِفْطَارَ فَلْیُفْطِرْ سُئِلَ فَإِنْ کَانَ نَوَی الْإِفْطَارَ یَسْتَقِیمُ أَنْ یَنْوِیَ الصَّوْمَ بَعْدَ مَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ قال لَا.

📚 Tahdheeb, Vol. 4, p. 280

Ammar said to Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him: A person has several days of missed Ramadan fasts and wants to make them up. When should he intend to fast? The Imam said: He has a choice until noon, and when noon comes, if he has intended to fast, he fasts, and if he has intended to break the fast, he breaks it. It was asked: If he intended to break the fast, is it correct for him to intend to fast after noon? He said: No!

4 عن أبي الْمُفَضَّل مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْداللّه الشَّيْبَانِيِّ فیما رَوَاهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى عَبْدالْعَظِيمِ بْنِ عَبْداللَّهِ الْحَسَنِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ بِالرَّيِّ قَال: صَلَّى أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الرِّضَا صَلَاةَ الْمَغْرِبِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ رَأَى فِيهَا هِلَالَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَ نَوَى الصِّيَامَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ يَا مَنْ يَمْلِكُ التَّدْبِيرَ وَ هُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْ ءٍ قَدِيرٌ يَا مَنْ يَعْلَمُ خَائِنَةَ الْأَعْيُنِ وَ مَا تُخْفِي الصُّدُورُ وَ يُجِنُّ الضَّمِيرُ وَ هُوَ اللَّطِيفُ الْخَبِيرُ اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْنَا مِمَّنْ نَوَى فَعَمِلَ وَ لَا تَجْعَلْنَا مِمَّنْ شَقِيَ فَكَسِلَ....

📚 Iqbal al-A'mal, p. 22

Abdul Azim Hasani said: Imam Jawad, peace be upon him, on the night that the crescent of Ramadan was sighted, prayed the Maghrib prayer, and when he finished the prayer and intended to fast, he raised his hands and prayed like this:

O Allah! O You who own the management and are able to do all things! O You who know the betrayal of the eyes and what the chests conceal and its inner self covers! And He is Subtle and All-Aware!

O Allah! Make us from those who intend and act, and do not make us from those who are wretched and lazy....

5 عن جَمِیلٍ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عن أَبِی عَبْداللَّه أَنَّهُ قال: فی الَّذِی یَقْضِی شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّهُ بِالْخِیَارِ إِلَی زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ فَإِنْ کَانَ تَطَوُّعاً فَإِنَّهُ إِلَی اللَّیْلِ بِالْخِیَار

📚 Tahdheeb, Vol. 4, p. 280

Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said about a person who is making up a missed Ramadan fast: He has a choice until noon, and if it is a supererogatory fast, he has a choice until the evening!

✅Based on the above narrations and others, intention is one of the conditions for the validity of acts of worship, without which an act is not valid. It is necessary for a person who is obligated to fast to intend to fast the month of Ramadan at the beginning of the month, or to intend to fast every night before the dawn and the start of the fast.

Therefore, if someone in Ramadan abandons the intention and purpose of fasting and changes his mind about the intention to fast, his abstinence from invalidators of the fast is not considered a fast, even if he does not commit the invalidators or is unable to commit them, and he must make up for his fast later, but the expiation is for when he commits the invalidators of the fast.

✅Of course, according to the above narrations and others, for a missed Ramadan fast, on the condition that other conditions are present, one can make the intention until before the religious noon, and for a supererogatory fast, on the condition that other conditions are present, one can make the intention until before sunset as well. But in any case, in all types of fasting, having the intention and purpose of fasting is necessary, and abandoning it entails invalidating that fast.

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