Answer
✅ Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:
1 عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّه قَالَ: إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتِ الْبَیِّنَاتُ لِلنَّسَبِ وَ الْمَوَارِیثِ. وَ فِی رِوَایَةٍ أُخْرَی وَ الْحُدُودِ.
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 5, p. 387
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: Indeed, witnesses are appointed for lineage and inheritances, and in another narration, it is mentioned: and for punishments!
2 عن زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْیَنَ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْداللَّه عَنِ الرَّجُلِ یَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ بِغَیْرِ شُهُودٍ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِتَزْوِیجِ الْبَتَّةِ فِیمَا بَیْنَهُ وَ بَیْنَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ الشُّهُودُ فِی تَزْوِیجِ الْبَتَّةِ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْوَلَدِ لَوْ لَا ذَلِکَ لَمْ یَکُنْ بِهِ بَأْسٌ
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 5, p. 387
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) was asked about a man who marries a woman without witnesses; the Imam said: A temporary marriage between himself and Allah (i.e., without witnesses) is fine. Indeed, witnesses are appointed in temporary marriage for the sake of the child. If it weren't for that, there would be no problem with it!
3 عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِیِّ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْداللَّه فِی الرَّجُلِ یَتَزَوَّجُ بِغَیْرِ بَیِّنَةٍ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ.
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 5, p. 387
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said about a person who marries without a witness that there is no problem!
4 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَیْلِ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَی لِأَبِی یُوسُفَ الْقَاضِی إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَ فِی کِتَابِهِ بِالطَّلَاقِ وَ أَکَّدَ فِیهِ بِشَاهِدَیْنِ وَ لَمْ یَرْضَ بِهِمَا إِلَّا عَدْلَیْنِ وَ أَمَرَ فِی کِتَابِهِ بِالتَّزْوِیجِ فَأَهْمَلَهُ بِلَا شُهُودٍ فَأَثْبَتُّمْ شَاهِدَیْنِ فِیمَا أَهْمَلَ وَ أَبْطَلْتُمُ الشَّاهِدَیْنِ فِیمَا أَکَّدَ
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 5, p. 387
Imam Kazim (peace be upon him) said to Abu Yusuf the judge: Indeed, Allah commanded divorce in His book, the Qur'an, and emphasized it with two witnesses and was not pleased except that they be just, and He commanded marriage in His book, the Qur'an, and left it neglected without witnesses. But you (the Umari judges) have established two witnesses in what Allah neglected and have invalidated two witnesses in what He emphasized!
5 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِی جَعْفَر قَالَ: إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتِ الْبَیِّنَةُ فِی النِّکَاحِ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْمَوَارِیثِ.
📚 Al-Tahdhib Vol. 7, p. 248
Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: Indeed, a witness in marriage is appointed for the sake of inheritances!
6 عن مُسْلِمِ بْنِ بَشِیرٍ عَنْ أَبِی جَعْفَر قال: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ لَمْ یُشْهِدْ فَقَالَ أَمَّا فِیمَا بَیْنَهُ وَ بَیْنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّوَجَلَّ فَلَیْسَ عَلَیْهِ شَیْءٌ وَ لَکِنْ إِنْ أَخَذَهُ سُلْطَانٌ جَائِرٌ عَاقَبَه
📚 Faqih Vol. 3, p. 396
Muslim said: I asked Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) about a person who marries a woman and does not take a witness; the Imam said: There is nothing on him between himself and Allah, the Mighty and Exalted, but if the oppressive ruler catches him, he will punish him!
7 عن عَلِیِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِیهِ قال: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ هَلْ یَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ یَتَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةَ مُتْعَةً بِغَیْرِ بَیِّنَةٍ قَالَ إِذَا کَانَا مُسْلِمَیْنِ مَأْمُونَیْنِ فَلَا بَأْس
📚 Qurb al-Isnad p. 109
Ali ibn Ja'far said: I asked Imam Kazim (peace be upon him): Is it good for a man to marry a woman temporarily without a witness? The Imam said: If they are two trustworthy Muslims, there is no problem!
8 عن عَلِیِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: کُنْتُ مَعَ أَخِی فِی طَرِیقِ بَعْضِ أَمْوَالِهِ... فَقَالَ لِی مَا تَقُولُ فِی رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فِی هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ أَوْ غَیْرِهِ بِغَیْرِ بَیِّنَةٍ وَ لَا شُهُودٍ فَقُلْتُ یُکْرَهُ ذَلِکَ فَقَالَ لِی بَلَی تَزَوَّجْهَا فِی هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ وَ فِی غَیْرِهِ بِلَا شُهُودٍ و لَا بَیِّنَةٍ
📚 Qurb al-Isnad p. 110
Ali ibn Ja'far said: I was with my brother Imam Kazim (peace be upon him) on the way to one of his properties... so he said to me: What do you say about a man who marries a woman in this place or another without a witness and without evidence? I said: It is disliked! The Imam said to me: Why! In this place and in others, marry her without a witness and without evidence!
✅ Based on the above narrations and others, temporary and permanent marriage without a witness and evidence is valid and not void, but for the purpose of proving lineage and a child, and for inheritance and punishments, and for the sake of dissimulation (taqiyyah), etc., taking a witness is recommended.
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر