Question 162: How many types of lawful marriage and wedlock do we have in Islam?

194 13 Feb 2021
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✅Answer: Pay close attention to the following narration:

عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زَیْدٍ قَالَ کُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَدَخَلَ عَلَیْهِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِکِ بْنُ جَرِیحٍ الْمَکِّیُّ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَا عِنْدَکَ فِی الْمُتْعَةِ فَقَالَ حَدَّثَنِی أَبُوکَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِیٍّ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلی الله علیه و آله خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ أَیُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَحَلَّ لَکُمُ الْفُرُوجَ عَلَی ثَلَاثَةِ مَعَانٍ فَرْجٌ مَوْرُوثٌ وَ هُوَ الْبَتَاتُ وَ فَرْجٌ غَیْرُ مَوْرُوثٍ وَ هُوَ الْمُتْعَةُ وَ مِلْکُ أَیْمَانِکُمْ

📚 Tahdheeb, vol. 7, p. 240

Translation: Hasan ibn Zayd said: I was with Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, when Abd al-Malik ibn Jurayj al-Makki entered upon him. Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said to him: What is your opinion on 'mut'ah' (temporary marriage)? Abd al-Malik said: Your father, Imam Baqir, peace be upon him, narrated a hadith for me from Jabir ibn Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him and his family, gave a sermon to the people and said: O people, indeed Allah has made intimate relations (with women) lawful for you in three ways: one is the intimate relation and marriage in which (the husband and wife) inherit from each other, which is the permanent marriage, the second is the intimate relation and marriage in which there is no inheritance, which is 'mut'ah' or temporary marriage, and the third is the female slaves who are in your possession.

✅ Many narrations, along with Quranic confirmations, have been reported in Shia hadith collections regarding the permissibility of temporary marriage, which is one of the specific features of the followers of the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them. Of course, it has very important limits and conditions that anyone who intends to undertake this type of marriage must learn its rulings and boundaries from reliable sources so as not to transgress the limits of Allah.

✅ It is necessary to mention that the marriage of 'milk al-yamin' (what your right hand possesses), which is a female slave, does not exist today, and today, lawful marriage is limited to permanent marriage and temporary marriage.

✅ The Lord of the worlds says in Surah Al-Mu'minun, in description of the believers:

وَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حافِظُونَ (۵) إِلاَّ عَلى أَزْواجِهِمْ أَوْ ما مَلَكَتْ أَيْمانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ (۶) فَمَنِ ابْتَغى وَراءَ ذلِكَ فَأُولئِكَ هُمُ العادُونَ (۷)

Translation: The believers are those who: protect their private parts. Except with their wives (permanent or temporary) or their owned female slaves, for in these cases, they are not to be blamed. So those who seek and pursue beyond these cases are the transgressors.

The beautiful verses above are repeated verbatim in verses 29 to 31 of Surah Al-Ma'arij.

✅ Pay close attention to the following narration:

أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِیسَی فِی نَوَادِرِهِ عَنْ أَبِیهِ قَالَ سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ عَنِ الْخَضْخَضَةِ فَقَالَ إِثْمٌ عَظِیمٌ قَدْ نَهَی اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِی کِتَابِهِ وَ فَاعِلُهُ کَنَاکِحِ نَفْسِهِ وَ لَوْ عَلِمْتَ بِمَا یَفْعَلُهُ مَا أَکَلْتَ مَعَهُ فَقَالَ السَّائِلُ فَبَیِّنْ لِی یَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ مِنْ کِتَابِ اللَّهِ فِیهِ فَقَالَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ فَمَنِ ابْتَغی وَراءَ ذلِکَ فَأُولئِکَ هُمُ العادُونَ وَ هُوَ مِمَّا وَرَاءَ ذَلِکَ

📚 Wasa'il al-Shi'a, 30-volume edition, vol. 28, p. 364

Translation: Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, was asked about 'masturbation'; The Imam said: It is a 'great' sin that Allah has forbidden in His book, and the one who does it is like one who marries himself, and if I know that someone does this, I will not eat with him. The person who asked the question said: O son of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him and his family, clarify for me where it is in the Quran? The Imam said: The saying of Allah (in Surah Al-Mu'minun, verse 7) which says:

فَمَنِ ابْتَغى وَراءَ ذلِكَ فَأُولئِكَ هُمُ العادُونَ

Translation: Whoever seeks (something other than a permanent or temporary wife and a female slave) (to satisfy his sexual urge), then they are the transgressors.

Then the Imam said: 'Masturbation' is one of the cases that are other than the (lawful and specified) cases... (Therefore, the one who does it is among the transgressors).

✅ This verse 7 of Surah Al-Mu'minun and verse 31 of Surah Al-Ma'arij are two clear verses that serve as an important principle for us and consider any type of sexual gratification by a man or woman as 'transgression' and 'violation' and unlawful, except for the three cases that have been exempted, each of which also has its own conditions, rulings, and limits, which if not observed, the person enters the realm of aggression and transgression again.

All unlawful ways of satisfying the sexual urge, such as 'musaheqa' (lesbianism) and masturbation and other cases that have unfortunately become widespread today and which we do not mention to avoid spreading indecency, are, according to the above clear verse, considered 'transgression' and 'violation'.