Question 153: Is the term 'tamathil' (images) limited to statues of living beings, or does it also include drawing pictures on paper, cloth, etc.?

240 13 Feb 2021
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✅ Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ مَنْ مَثَّلَ تِمْثَالًا کُلِّفَ یَوْمَ الْقِیَامَةِ أَنْ یَنْفُخَ فِیهِ الرُّوحَ

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 6, p. 527

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'Whoever makes an image will be tasked on the Day of Judgment to breathe a soul into it.'

عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ تَمَاثِیلِ الشَّجَرِ وَ الشَّمْسِ وَ الْقَمَرِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ مَا لَمْ یَکُنْ شَیْئاً مِنَ الْحَیَوَانِ

📚 Al-Mahasin, Vol. 2, p. 619

Translation: Muhammad ibn Muslim said: 'I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about the image and picture of a tree, the sun, and the moon.' The Imam said: 'There is no problem as long as it is not of living beings.'

عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ طَرِیفٍ عَنْ أَبِی جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ إِنَّ الَّذِینَ یُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ هُمُ الْمُصَوِّرُونَ یُکَلَّفُونَ یَوْمَ الْقِیَامَةِ أَنْ یَنْفُخُوا فِیهَا الرُّوحَ

Translation: Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: ''Indeed, those who harm Allah and His Messenger' are the image-makers; on the Day of Judgment, they will be tasked to breathe a soul into it.'

عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: ثَلَاثَةٌ یُعَذَّبُونَ یَوْمَ الْقِیَامَةِ مَنْ صَوَّرَ صُورَةً مِنَ الْحَیَوَانِ یُعَذَّبُ حَتَّی یَنْفُخَ فِیهَا وَ لَیْسَ بِنَافِخٍ فِیهَا وَ الَّذِی یَکْذِبُ فِی مَنَامِهِ یُعَذَّبُ حَتَّی یَعْقِدَ بَیْنَ شَعِیرَتَیْنِ وَ لَیْسَ بِعَاقِدِهِمَا وَ الْمُسْتَمِعُ مِنْ قَوْمٍ وَ هُمْ لَهُ کَارِهُونَ یُصَبُّ فِی أُذُنَیْهِ الْآنُکُ وَ هُوَ الْأُسْرُبُّ

📚 Al-Mahasin, Vol. 2, p. 616

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'Three people will be tormented on the Day of Judgment: a person who narrates a false dream will be forced to tie a knot between two barley grains and will not be able to tie a knot between them; a person who makes an image will be tasked to breathe into it and will not be able to breathe; and a person who listens to people's conversations while they dislike it, molten lead will be poured into his ears.'

✅ In both the lexicon and the narrations, 'tamthal' means both making a statue and drawing an image by writing.

In the book Majma' al-Bahrayn, Vol. 5, p. 470, it is stated:

'Mathalat lahu tamthilan: Idha sawarta lahu mithalahu bil-kitabah wa ghayrih' means: 'Making an example of someone with writing and other than it.'

Also, pay attention to the following hadith, which shows that 'tamthal' is also used for images on a curtain:

عَنْ عَلِیِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَی بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ الْبَیْتِ یَکُونُ عَلَی بَابِهِ سِتْرٌ فِیهِ تَمَاثِیلُ أَ یُصَلَّی فِی ذَلِکَ الْبَیْتِ قَالَ لَا وَ سَأَلْتُ عَنِ الْبُیُوتِ یَکُونُ فِیهَا التَّمَاثِیلُ أَ یُصَلَّی فِیهَا قَالَ لَا

📚 Al-Mahasin, p. 617

Translation: Ali ibn Ja'far said: 'I asked Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him) about a room that has a curtain on its door with 'tamathil' on it, whether one can pray in that room?' He said: 'No.' And I asked: 'Can one pray in rooms that have statues and images in them?' He said: 'No.'

✅ In the hadith in Al-Kafi, Vol. 6, p. 527, Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: 'There is no problem with an image (picture or statue of a living being) being in a house, provided that their heads have been changed and the rest of the parts are left as they are.'

So what is important is to erase the face of the picture and statue, not the other parts of the body.

✅ The dispensation for a picture to be on something that is trampled and belittled underfoot, such as a rug, has also been mentioned in a hadith in Al-Kafi, Vol. 6, p. 527, from Imam Sadiq.

✅ Given the numerous condemnations of pictures and statues in the narrations, it is necessary to remove them from our surroundings or change their faces, except in cases of necessity and dispensation.