Answer
✅ Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:
1 عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ فِی قُرْبِ الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَلِیِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ النِّسَاءِ هَلْ عَلَیْهِنَّ الْجَهْرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فِی الْفَرِیضَةِ وَ النَّافِلة قَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَکُونَ امْرَأَةٌ تَؤُمُّ النِّسَاءَ فَتَجْهَرُ بِقَدْرِ مَا تُسْمَعُ قِرَاءَتَهَا.
📚 Qur'b al-Isnad, p. 133
Ali ibn Ja'far said: I asked Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him) about women: 'Is the audible recitation (jahr) of the recitation in the obligatory and supererogatory prayers their responsibility?' The Imam said: 'No! Unless it is a woman who leads women in prayer, in which case she recites audibly to the extent that she can hear her own recitation!'
2 عَنْ حَرِیزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِی جَعْفَرٍ فِی رَجُلٍ جَهَرَ فِیمَا لَا یَنْبَغِی الْجَهْرُ فِیهِ وَ أَخْفَی فِیمَا لَا یَنْبَغِی الْإِخْفَاءُ فِیهِ فَقَالَ أَیَّ ذَلِکَ فَعَلَ مُتَعَمِّداً فَقَدْ نَقَضَ صَلَاتَهُ وَ عَلَیْهِ الْإِعَادَةُ فَإِنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِکَ نَاسِیاً أَوْ سَاهِیاً أَوْ لَا یَدْرِی فَلَا شَیْ ءَ عَلَیْهِ وَ قَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلَاتُهُ.
📚 Al-Faqih, Vol. 1, p. 344
Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said about a person who recites audibly where it is not appropriate to do so and recites inaudibly where it is not appropriate to do so: 'If he does either of these intentionally, he has nullified and invalidated his prayer, and he must repeat the prayer. But if he does it out of forgetfulness, or by mistake, or out of ignorance, there is nothing upon him and his prayer is complete!'
3 عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ أَبِی الضَّحَّاکِ عَنِ الرِّضَا أَنَّهُ کَانَ یَجْهَرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ فِی الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ وَ صَلَاةِ اللَّیْلِ وَ الشَّفْعِ وَ الْوَتْرِ وَ الْغَدَاةِ وَ یُخْفِی الْقِرَاءَةَ فِی الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ.
📚 Uyun Akhbar al-Ridha, Vol. 2, p. 182
Raja' ibn Abi al-Dahhak narrated that Imam Ridha (peace be upon him) used to recite the Maghrib, Isha, night, shafa', witr, and Fajr prayers audibly, and he used to recite the Zuhr and Asr prayers inaudibly!
3 عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ فِی حَدِیثِ شَرَائِعِ الدِّینِ قَالَ: وَ الْإِجْهَارُ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِیمِ فِی الصَّلَاةِ وَاجِبٌ.
📚 Al-Khisal, p. 604
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'It is obligatory to recite Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim audibly in prayer!'
5 عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ أَبِی الضَّحَّاکِ عَنِ الرِّضَا أَنَّهُ کَانَ یَجْهَرُ بِبِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِیمِ فِی جَمِیعِ صَلَوَاتِهِ بِاللَّیْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ.
📚 Uyun Akhbar al-Ridha, Vol. 2, p. 182
Raja' ibn Abi al-Dahhak said: 'Imam Ridha (peace be upon him) used to recite Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim audibly in all of his night and day prayers!'
✅ Based on the above narrations and others, the recitation of the Fajr, Maghrib, and Isha prayers is done audibly (jahr), and the recitation of the Zuhr and Asr prayers is done inaudibly (ikhfat). If this is intentionally abandoned, the prayer is nullified, and the person is obligated to repeat the prayer.
Also, in all prayers, it is obligatory to recite Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim audibly.
✅ However, the duty of audible recitation has been lifted for women, and it is not obligatory for them to recite the audible prayers audibly. They can recite the Fajr, Maghrib, and Isha prayers inaudibly. Of course, reciting them audibly is not forbidden for them.
But the duty of inaudible recitation for the Zuhr and Asr prayers remains for both men and women, and women are also obligated to recite the Zuhr and Asr prayers inaudibly and cannot recite them audibly. However, women have a choice regarding the Fajr, Maghrib, and Isha prayers, and it is not obligatory for them to recite their recitation audibly.
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ