Question 1192: How are the Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers performed?
Answer
✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:
1 عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْداللَّه قال سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّه يَعْتَمُّ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَ يَجْهَرُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ كَمَا يَجْهَرُ فِي الْجُمُعَة
📚Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 130
Ibn Sinan said: I heard Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) say: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) would wear a turban on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha... until he said: And he would recite aloud just as he would recite aloud in the Friday prayer!
2 عن أَبِي عَبْداللَّه فِي صَلَاةِ الْعِيدَيْنِ قال يُكَبِّرُ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ خَمْساً و يَقْنُتُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ السَّابِعَةَ وَ يَرْكَعُ بِهَا ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ فَيَقْرَأُ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ أَرْبَعاً فَيَقْنُتُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ و يَرْكَعُ بِهَا
📚Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 460
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said about the Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers: He says 'Allahu Akbar' and recites, and then he says five 'Allahu Akbar's and performs a qunut between every two 'Allahu Akbar's, and then he says the seventh 'Allahu Akbar' and goes into ruku' with it, and then he performs prostration and rises for the second rak'ah and recites and says four 'Allahu Akbar's and performs a qunut between every two 'Allahu Akbar's and then he says 'Allahu Akbar' and goes into ruku'!
3 عن جميل قال: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْداللَّه عَنِ التَّكْبِيرِ في الْعِيدَيْنِ قال سَبْعٌ و خَمْسٌ و قال صَلَاةُ الْعِيدَيْنِ فَرِيضَةٌ و سَأَلْتُهُ ما يُقْرَأُ فِيهِمَا قال الشَّمْسُ وَ ضُحَيهَا و هَلْ أَتَيكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ و أَشْبَاهُهُمَا
📚Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 127
Jamil said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about the takbir on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha; he said: Seven (in the first rak'ah) and five (in the second rak'ah) and he said: The Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers are obligatory. And I asked him: What surahs are recited in it? He said: Surah al-Shams and al-Ghashiyah and similar ones!
4 عن أبي الصَّبَّاح قال: سَأَلْتُ أَباعبداللَّه عَنِ التَّكْبِيرِ في الْعِيدَيْن قال اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ تَكْبِيرَةً سَبْعٌ فِي الْأُولى و خَمْسٌ في الْأَخِيرَة
📚Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 130
Abu Sabah said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about the takbir on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha; he said: Twelve takbirs, seven in the first rak'ah and five in the second rak'ah!
5 يعقوب بن يقطين قال: سَأَلْتُ الْعَبْدالصَّالِحَ عَنِ التَّكْبِيرِ في الْعِيدَيْنِ أَ قَبْلَ الْقِرَاءَة أَوْ بَعْدَهَا و كَمْ عَدَدُ التَّكْبِيرِ فِي الْأُولَى و في الثَّانِيَة و الدُّعَاءِ بَيْنَهُمَا و هَلْ فِيهِمَا قُنُوتٌ أَمْ لَا فقال تَكْبِيرُ الْعِيدَيْن لِلصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ تُكَبِّرُ تَكْبِيرَةً تَفْتَحُ بِها الصَّلَاةَ ثُمَّ تَقْرَأُ و تُكَبِّرُ خَمْساً و تَدْعُو بَيْنَهَا ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ أُخْرَى و تَرْكَعُ بِها فَذَلكَ سَبْعُ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ بالَّذي افْتَتَحَ بِها ثُمَّ تُكَبِّرُ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ خَمْساً فَيَقُومُ يَقْرَأُ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ أَرْبَعاً و يَدْعُو بَيْنَهُنَّ ثُمَّ يَرْكَعُ بالتَّكْبِيرَة الْخامسة
📚Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 132
Yaqub said: I asked Imam Kadhim (peace be upon him) about the takbirs on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, whether they are before the recitation or after it and how many takbirs and supplications there are between them in the first and second rak'ah and whether there is a qunut in it or not? The Imam said: The takbir of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha is before the sermon. You say one takbir and begin the prayer with it, then you recite and then you say five takbirs and between them you recite a supplication and then you say another takbir and with it you go into ruku' which makes seven takbirs with the Takbirat al-Ihram and in the second rak'ah you say five takbirs. He stands and recites and says four takbirs and between them he supplicates and then with the fifth takbir he goes into ruku'!
✅According to the above narrations and others, the Eid al-Fitr prayer is two rak'ahs and has 12 takbirs. 7 takbirs in the first rak'ah and 5 takbirs in the second rak'ah.
After the Takbirat al-Ihram, which is the first takbir, the Hamd and a surah are recited, and after the recitation, 5 more takbirs are said and a qunut is performed and a supplication is recited between every two takbirs, which makes a total of 5 qunuts and supplications, and then the seventh takbir is said and the ruku' and two prostrations are performed.
In the second rak'ah, after reciting the Hamd and a surah, four takbirs are said and a supplication and a qunut are performed after each takbir, which makes a total of 4 qunuts, and then the fifth takbir is said and the ruku', prostration, tashahhud, and salam are performed and the prayer is complete.
✅Specific supplications for between the takbirs have been narrated, which will be mentioned in the next sections.
✅In the narrations of the previous section, it became clear that there are 12 takbirs in the Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers, 7 takbirs in the first rak'ah and 5 takbirs in the second rak'ah.
One of these takbirs is the Takbirat al-Ihram, and after the seventh takbir in the first rak'ah we go into ruku' and in the second rak'ah after the fifth takbir we go into ruku', and a qunut is performed and a supplication is recited between the rest of the takbirs, which makes 5 supplications and qunuts in the first rak'ah and four supplications and qunuts in the second rak'ah.
✅Regarding the supplications that have been narrated for between these takbirs, first pay attention to the following narration:
7 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْكَلَامِ الَّذِي يُتَكَلَّمُ بِهِ فِي مَا بَيْنَ التَّكْبِيرَتَيْنِ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ قَالَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ الْحَسَنِ.
📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 288
Muhammad ibn Muslim said: I asked one of the two Imams, Baqir or Sadiq (peace be upon them), about the words that are said between every two takbirs in the Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers; the Imam said: Whatever of the good words that you wish!
✅According to the above narration, for between the takbirs of the Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers, we can recite any good supplication that we wish, and it is not limited to specific cases.
✅However, the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) have also recommended specific supplications, some of which we will mention:
8 Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: Between every two takbirs of the Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers you say:
اللَّهُمَّ أَهْلَ الْكِبْرِيَاءِ وَ الْعَظَمَةِ وَ أَهْلَ الْجُودِ وَ الْجَبَرُوتِ وَ أَهْلَ الْعَفْوِ وَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ أَهْلَ التَّقْوَى وَ الْمَغْفِرَةِ أَسْأَلُكَ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي جَعَلْتَهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ عِيداً وَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ ذُخْراً وَ مَزِيداً أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَأَفْضَلِ مَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى عَبْدٍ مِنْ عِبَادِكَ وَ صَلِّ عَلَى مَلَائِكَتِكَ المُقَرَّبِین وَ رُسُلِكَ وَ اغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ الْمُسْلِمَاتِ الْأَحْيَاءِ مِنْهُمْ وَ الْأَمْوَاتِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ مَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادُكَ الْمُرْسَلُونَ وَ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا عَاذَ بِكَ مِنْهُ عِبَادُكَ الْمُرْسَلُونَ.
📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 139
✅According to the above narration, this supplication is recited for all the qunuts of the Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers, which is repeated a total of 9 times in the Eid prayer, 5 times in the first rak'ah and 4 times in the second rak'ah.
9 Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: In the supplication of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, between every two takbirs you say:
اللَّهُ رَبِّي أَبَداً وَ الْإِسْلَامُ دِينِي أَبَداً وَ مُحَمَّدٌ (صَلَی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ) نَبِيِّي أَبَداً وَ الْقُرْآنُ كِتَابِي أَبَداً وَ الْكَعْبَةُ قِبْلَتِي أَبَداً وَ عَلِيٌّ وَلِيِّي أَبَداً (وَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ وَلِيِّي أَبَداً وَ الْحُسَیْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ وَلِيِّي أَبَداً وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ وَلِيِّي أَبَداً وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْبَاقِرِ وَلِيِّي أَبَداً وَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّادِقِ وَلِيِّي أَبَداً وَ مُوسَی بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْکاظِمِ وَلِيِّي أَبَداً وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَی الرِّضَا وَلِيِّي أَبَداً وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجَوَادِ وَلِيِّي أَبَداً وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مَحَمَّدٍ الْهَادیِ وَلِيِّي أَبَداً وَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْعَسْكَرِيِّ وَلِيِّي أَبَداً وَ الحُجَّةُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمَهْدِيِّ وَلِيِّي أَبَداً وَ لَا أَحَدَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ.
📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 286
✅According to the above narration as well, this supplication is recited for all the qunuts of the Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers, which is repeated a total of 9 times in the Eid prayer, 5 times in the first rak'ah and 4 times in the second rak'ah.
✅In the above supplication, only the name of Ali (peace be upon him) was mentioned, but at the end of the hadith, it is mentioned that the names of all the successors should be mentioned, which has been added to the text so that the supplication is complete and ready.
10 عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ تَكْبِيرِ الْعِيدَيْنِ أَ يَرْفَعُ يَدَهُ مَعَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ أَمْ يُجْزِيهِ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ يَدَيْه فِي أَوَّلِ التَّكْبِيرِ فَقَالَ يَرْفَعُ مَعَ كُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ.
📚Tahdhib, Vol. 3, p. 288
Yunus said: I asked the Imam about the takbirs of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, whether he should raise his hand with every takbir or if it is sufficient to only raise his hand for the first takbir? He said: He raises his hand with every takbir!
اللَّهُمَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ