Question 1183: Under what circumstances is the host responsible for paying the guest's Zakat al-Fitr?

85 12 May 2021
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✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ الضَّيْفُ مِنْ إِخْوَانِهِ فَيَحْضُرُ يَوْمُ الْفِطْرِ يُؤَدِّي عَنْهُ الْفِطْرَةَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ الْفِطْرَةُ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنْ يَعُولُ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ حُرٍّ أَوْ مَمْلُوكٍ.

📚 Al-Faqih, vol. 2, p. 178

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 173

Umar ibn Yazid said: I asked Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, about a man who has a guest from his brothers, and then the day of Fitr arrives, should he pay the Zakat al-Fitr on his behalf? The Imam said: Yes! Zakat al-Fitr is obligatory on everyone for whom he provides food and sustenance, whether they are male or female, young or old, free or slave!

2 عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كُلُّ مَنْ ضَمَمْتَ إِلَى عِيَالِكَ مِنْ حُرٍّ أَوْ مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْكَ أَنْ تُؤَدِّيَ الْفِطْرَةَ عَنْهُ الْحَدِيثَ.

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 170

Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: Whoever you add to your family, whether free or slave, then it is your duty to pay the Zakat al-Fitr on his behalf!

3 قَالَ الشَّيْخُ فِي الْخِلَافِ رَوَى أَصْحَابُنَا أَنَّ مَنْ أَضَافَ إِنْسَاناً طُولَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ تَكَفَّلَ بِعَيْلُولَتِهِ لَزِمَتْهُ فِطْرَتُهُ.

📚 Al-Khilaf, p. 209

Sheikh Tusi said: Our companions have narrated that indeed, whoever hosts a person throughout the month of Ramadan and provides for his sustenance, his Fitriyah is his responsibility!

✅ Based on the first narration and the general meaning of the second narration and the like, if a guest is with a person during the month of Ramadan and stays with him until 'Yawm al-Fitr' (the Day of Fitr) arrives, which, according to narrations mentioned in question 971, begins at sunset, the host is responsible for paying the Zakat al-Fitr for him.

✅ The third narration is a report of the meaning, and given the absence of a specific narration other than hadith 1, it is probably a report of the meaning of the same hadith, and its words cannot be considered the exact statement of the Imam, and no specific ruling can be extracted from it.

✅ No other specific details have been reported in the narrations about guests other than hadith 1, and the apparent meaning of its wording indicates that it does not matter how much of the month of Ramadan that person has spent as a guest of that person, and according to the existing narration, whoever becomes a guest of someone before the sunset of the last day of Ramadan and remains his guest until the arrival of 'Yawm al-Fitr', which begins at the time of the call to prayer for Maghrib, the responsibility of paying his Zakat al-Fitr falls on the host.

✅ No other specific narration has been reported in explanation of the general meanings of hadith 1, and more specific narrational statements are dependent on the granting of the following supplication:

اللَّهُمَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ