Question 1102: What is the ruling on hunting with a shotgun and the like?
Answer
✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:
1 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَر قَالَ: مَنْ جَرَحَ صَيْداً بِسِلَاحٍ وَ ذَكَرَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ بَقِيَ لَيْلَةً أَوْ لَيْلَتَيْنِ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ سَبُعٌ وَ قَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّ سِلَاحَهُ هُوَ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ فَلْيَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ إِنْ شَاءَ الْحَدِيثَ.
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 6, p. 210
Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said: One who wounds a hunted animal with a weapon and mentions the name of Allah over it, and then it remains for one or two nights, and no predator eats from it, and he knows that his weapon has killed it, he may eat from it if he wishes!
2 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَر قَالَ: كُلْ مِنَ الصَّيْدِ مَا قَتَلَ السَّيْفُ وَ الرُّمْحُ وَ السَّهْمُ الْحَدِيثَ.
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 6, p. 209
Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said: From hunted animals, eat those that are killed by a sword, a spear, or an arrow!
3 عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّه عَنِ الصَّيْدِ يَضْرِبُهُ الرَّجُلُ بِالسَّيْفِ أَوْ يَطْعُنُهُ بِالرُّمْحِ أَوْ يَرْمِيهِ بِسَهْمٍ فَيَقْتُلُهُ وَ قَدْ سَمَّى حِينَ فَعَلَ فَقَالَ كُلْ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 6, p. 210
Halabi said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a hunted animal that a person strikes with a sword, or thrusts a spear into it, or shoots an arrow towards it, and has said 'Bismillah' (in the name of Allah) while doing so; the Imam said: Eat it! There is no problem with it!
4 عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَرْمِي الصَّيْدَ وَ هُوَ عَلَى الْجَبَلِ فَيَخْرِقُهُ السَّهْمُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الْآخَرِ قَالَ كُلْهُ قَالَ فَإِنْ وَقَعَ فِي مَاءٍ أَوْ تَدَهْدَهَ مِنْ جَبَلٍ فَمَاتَ فَلَا تَأْكُلْهُ.
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 6, p. 211
Sama'ah said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a person who shoots an arrow at a hunted animal on a mountain, and the arrow tears and cuts the hunted animal and exits from the other side of it; he said: Eat it! And he said: If it falls into water or rolls off a mountain and dies, do not eat it!
5 عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه قَالَ: إِذَا رَمَيْتَ بِالْمِعْرَاضِ فَخَرَقَ فَكُلْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَخْرِقْ وَ اعْتَرَضَ فَلَا تَأْكُلْ.
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 6, p. 212
Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: If you shoot a featherless arrow (towards a hunted animal) and it tears and cuts the hunted animal, then eat it. But if it does not tear it and only strikes the hunted animal on its side (and kills it), do not eat it!
6 عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَمَّا قَتَلَ الْحَجَرُ وَ الْبُنْدُقُ أَ يُؤْكَلُ قَالَ لَا.
📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 6, p. 213
Sulayman ibn Khalid said: I asked Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) about what is killed by a stone and a clay pellet; is it eaten? He said: No!
7 عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَحِقَ حِمَاراً او ظبیا فَضَرَبَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَصَرَعَهُ أَ يُؤْكَلُ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَدْرَكَ ذَكَاتَهُ أَكَلَ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغِيبَ عَنْهُ أَكَلَهُ.
📚 Qurb al-Isnad p. 118
Ali ibn Ja'far said: I asked Imam al-Kazim (peace be upon him) about a person who reaches a (wild) donkey or a deer and strikes it with a sword and makes it fall to the ground; is it eaten? He said: If he reaches it while it is still alive to slaughter it, he may eat it, and if it dies before he reaches it, he may eat it!
✅ 'Sayd' (hunted animal) refers to a non-domesticated, wild animal. If it is from the types whose meat is permissible to eat, one can benefit from its meat through a proper hunt.
According to the above narrations and others, huntable animals can be hunted with a sword, a spear, or an arrow, and 'Bismillah' must be said at the time of striking with the sword or throwing the spear or shooting the arrow.
According to the above narrations, the shot arrow must tear and wound the body of the hunted animal. If the arrow does not tear and wound the hunted animal due to having no arrowhead or low speed or other reasons, and only strikes the side of the hunted animal and kills it, such a hunted animal is not edible.
Therefore, a hunted animal that is hunted with a shotgun and the like, if it tears and wounds the body of the hunted animal and kills it, can be used.
Of course, any hunted animal for which the conditions of hunting have not been observed, if it is still alive when reached and can be slaughtered, can be ritually slaughtered and used.
And also, a hunted animal that is still alive when reached and there is an opportunity to slaughter it, must be ritually slaughtered.
Hunting with a stone and a clay pellet does not make it permissible to eat.