✅Answer: Nufasa refers to a woman who is in the blood of childbirth, or the blood of birth and delivery.

1 عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ النُّفَسَاءُ مَتَى تُصَلِّي فَقَالَ تَقْعُدُ بِقَدْرِ حَيْضِهَا وَ تَسْتَظْهِرُ بِيَوْمَيْنِ فَإِنِ انْقَطَعَ الدَّمُ وَ إِلَّا اغْتَسَلَتْ وَ احْتَشَتْ وَ اسْتَثْفَرَتْ وَ صَلَّتْ فَإِنْ جَازَ الدَّمُ الْكُرْسُفَ تَعَصَّبَتْ وَ اغْتَسَلَتْ ثُمَّ صَلَّتِ الْغَدَاةَ بِغُسْلٍ وَ الظُّهْرَ وَ الْعَصْرَ بِغُسْلٍ وَ الْمَغْرِبَ وَ الْعِشَاءَ بِغُسْلٍ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَجُزِ الدَّمُ الْكُرْسُفَ صَلَّتْ بِغُسْلٍ وَاحِدٍ....

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 99

Zurarah said: I said to the Imam (peace be upon him): When does a woman in postpartum bleeding pray? He said: She stays for the number of her menstrual days and takes a precaution for two more days. So if the blood stops, it stops, and if not, she performs a ghusl (ritual bath), places a cotton plug inside her, ties a cloth between her legs, and prays. So if the blood passes the cotton plug, she performs a ghusl and fastens herself securely, and then she prays the Fajr prayer with one ghusl, and the Dhuhr and Asr prayers with one ghusl, and the Maghrib and Isha prayers with one ghusl, and if the blood does not pass the cotton plug, she prays with one ghusl (per day)...

2 عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ في حديث قَالَ: وَ غُسْلُ النُّفَسَاءِ وَاجِبٌ.

📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 40

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: The ghusl of a woman in postpartum bleeding (i.e., a woman who has seen the blood of childbirth) is obligatory!

3 عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ وَلَدَتْ فَرَأَتِ الدَّمَ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا كَانَتْ تَرَى قَالَ فَلْتَقْعُدْ أَيَّامَ قُرْئِهَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَجْلِسُ ثُمَّ تَسْتَظْهِرُ بِعَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَإِنْ رَأَتْ دَماً صَبِيباً فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ عِنْدَ وَقْتِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ فَإِنْ رَأَتْ صُفْرَةً فَلْتَتَوَضَّأْ ثُمَّ لْتُصَلِّ.

📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 1, p. 175

Yunus said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a woman who gives birth and sees more blood than she used to. He said: She stays for the days of her menstruation that she used to stay, and then she takes a precaution for ten days. So if she sees the blood flowing, she must perform a ghusl at the time of every prayer, and if she sees yellowness, she must perform wudu and pray!

4 عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ النُّفَسَاءِ يَغْشَاهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هِيَ فِي نِفَاسِهَا مِنَ الدَّمِ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا مَضَى لَهَا مُنْذُ يَوْمَ وَضَعَتْ بِقَدْرِ أَيَّامِ عِدَّةِ حَيْضِهَا ثُمَّ تَسْتَظْهِرُ بِيَوْمٍ فَلَا بَأْسَ بَعْدُ أَنْ يَغْشَاهَا زَوْجُهَا يَأْمُرُهَا فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ ثُمَّ يَغْشَاهَا إِنْ أَحَبَّ.

📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 1, p. 176

Malik said: I asked Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) about a woman in postpartum bleeding: Does her husband have intercourse with her during the days of postpartum bleeding? He said: Yes! If the number of her menstrual days has passed since the day of her delivery and she takes a precaution for one more day, after that it is permissible for her husband to have intercourse with her. He commands her to perform a ghusl, and then if he wishes, he can have intercourse with her!

5 عَنْ حُمْرَانَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ عَنِ أَبَی جَعْفَرٍ فی حدیث قال قُلْتُ فَمَا حَدُّ النُّفَسَاءِ قَالَ تَقْعُدُ أَيَّامَهَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَطْمَثُ فِيهِنَّ أَيَّامَ قُرْئِهَا فَإِنْ هِيَ طَهُرَتْ وَ إِلَّا اسْتَظْهَرَتْ بِيَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اغْتَسَلَتْ وَ احْتَشَتْ فَإِنْ كَانَ انْقَطَعَ الدَّمُ فَقَدْ طَهُرَتْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَنْقَطِعِ الدَّمُ فَهِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُسْتَحَاضَةِ تَغْتَسِلُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاتَيْنِ و تُصَلِّي

📚Munataqa al-Juman, Vol. 1, p. 235

In a hadith, Humran said: I said to Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): What is the limit of postpartum bleeding? He said: She stays for the number of days she used to menstruate. So if she becomes clean, so be it, and if not, she takes a precaution for two or three days and then performs a ghusl and places a cotton plug inside her. So if the blood stops, she is clean, and if it does not stop, she is like a woman with irregular bleeding (mustahadha): she performs a ghusl for every two prayers and prays!

✅According to the above narrations and others, a woman who sees the blood of childbirth waits from the time of delivery for the number of her menstrual days, and if she has not become clean from the blood, she takes a precaution for one day, and if she is still not clean, she takes a precaution for another day, until the total of all her days reaches a maximum of ten days, and then she performs a ghusl. If the blood continues, she is considered to have irregular bleeding and acts like a woman with irregular bleeding, and from the time the woman is obligated to perform ghusl and pray, intercourse also becomes permissible.

اللَّهُمَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ