Answer
✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:
1 مِسْمَعٍ عَنْ أَبِي عبداللَّه عن أَمِيرالْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ نَهَى أَنْ يُغَمِّضَ الرَّجُلُ عَيْنَيْهِ في الصَّلَاة
📚 Tahdhib, Vol. 2, p. 314
Imam Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) narrated from Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) forbade a person from closing his eyes during prayer!
2 علي بن جعفر عن أخيه موسى بن جعفر قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ هَلْ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يُغَمِّضَ عَيْنَيْهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ مُتَعَمِّداً قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ
📚 Qurb al-Isnad, p. 92
Ali ibn Ja'far says: I asked Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him) whether it is good and correct for a person to intentionally close his eyes during prayer? He said: 'There is no problem!'
3 عن علي بنِ الحسين عن أَبِيه عن علي : أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نَهَى أَنْ يُغَمِّضَ الرَّجُلُ عَيْنَيْهِ و هُوَ فِي الصَّلَاة
📚 Ja'fariyat, p. 33
Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him) narrated from Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) forbade a person from closing his eyes during prayer!
4 Hammad ibn Isa narrated in a description of the prayer of Imam Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him):
ثُمَّ رَكَعَ و مَلَأَ كَفَّيْهِ مِنْ رُكْبَتَيْهِ مُفَرَّجَاتٍ و رَدَّ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى خَلْفِهِ حَتَّى اسْتَوَى ظَهْرُهُ حَتَّى لَوْ صُبَّ عَلَيْهِ قَطْرَةُ مَاءٍ أَوْ دُهْنٍ لَمْ تَزُلْ لِاسْتِوَاءِ ظَهْرِهِ و رَدَّ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى خَلْفِهِ و نَصَبَ عُنُقَهُ وَ غَمَّضَ عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ سَبَّحَ ثَلَاثاً بِتَرْتِيلٍ وَ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ و بِحَمْدِه ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى قَائِماً
📚 Faqih, Vol. 1, p. 300
Translation: That is: Then Imam Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) went into bowing and filled his two palms with his fingers spread on his two knees, and he moved his knees back until his back was straight, to the point that if a drop of water or oil were poured on his back, it would not move because of the straightness of his back, and he pushed his two knees back and stretched his neck and closed his two eyes, and then he glorified three times with a melodious voice and said:
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ وَ بِحَمْدِهِ
And then he stood up straight!
5 حماد بن عيسى عن حريز عن زرارة عن أَبي جعفر قال: إِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَرْكَعَ فَقُلْ وَ أَنْتَ مُنْتَصِبٌ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ الي ان قال.. و أَقِمْ صُلْبَكَ و مُدَّ عُنُقَكَ وَ لْيَكُنْ نَظَرُكَ بَيْنَ قَدَمَيْك
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 319
Imam Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said: 'When you want to bow, say 'Allahu Akbar' while standing straight... until he said: (In bowing) keep your back straight and stretch your neck, and your gaze should be between your two feet.'
6 Al-Sadiq said: A sick person prays standing, but if he is not able to do so, he prays sitting, and if he is not able to pray sitting, he prays lying on his back. He says 'Allahu Akbar' and then recites, and when he wants to bow, he closes his eyes and then says the glorification of bowing, and when he has said the glorification, he opens his eyes, and the opening of his eyes is considered the raising of his head from bowing, and when he wants to prostrate, he closes his eyes and then says the glorification of prostration, and when he has said the glorification, he opens his eyes, and the opening of his eyes is considered the raising of his head from prostration, and then he says the tashahhud and finishes the prayer.
📚 Faqih, Vol. 1, p. 361
✅ Based on the above narrations, although the permission to intentionally close one's eyes during prayer is mentioned in hadith 2, the prohibition against closing one's eyes during prayer is established, and it is proper to act upon it.
Although in hadith 4, Hammad ibn Isa narrates that the Imam closed his eyes in bowing, given hadith 5, which Hammad also narrated, and other hadiths, there is a possibility that Hammad saw it incorrectly, and one cannot be certain that closing the eyes in bowing is not forbidden.
✅ In hadith 6, for a sick person who prays lying down, closing the eyes is considered to be the bowing and prostration.
✅ The narration in Majma' al-Bayan in the interpretation of verse 2 of Surah Al-Mu'minun, in addition to not being a hadith and not being a proof, uses the phrase 'ghadd al-basar' (lowering the gaze), which is different from 'ghamdh' (closing the eyes).
✅ Also refer to: