✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ وَقْتُ صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ مَا بَيْنَ نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ.

📚 Al-Faqih, Vol. 1, p. 477

Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: The time for the night prayer is from midnight until the end of the night!

2 عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ أَوْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه إِنِّي أَقُومُ آخِرَ اللَّيْلِ وَ أَخَافُ الصُّبْحَ قَالَ اقْرَأِ الْحَمْدَ وَ اعْجَلْ وَ اعْجَلْ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 449

Ismail or Abdullah said: I said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): I get up at the end of the night (for the night prayer) and I am afraid of dawn approaching!

The Imam said: Recite only Al-Hamd (the Fatiha) (in the rak'ahs of the night prayer) and be quick and hasty!

3 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَر قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقُومُ مِنْ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ وَ هُوَ يَخْشَى أَنْ يَفْجَأَهُ الصُّبْحُ أَ يَبْدَأُ بِالْوَتْرِ أَوْ يُصَلِّي الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا حَتَّى يَكُونَ الْوَتْرُ آخِرَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ بَلْ يَبْدَأُ بِالْوَتْرِ وَ قَالَ أَنَا كُنْتُ فَاعِلًا ذَلِكَ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 449

Muhammad ibn Muslim said: I asked Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) about a person who gets up at the end of the night and is afraid that morning will suddenly arrive, should he start with the Witr prayer or perform the night prayer in the usual manner so that the Witr prayer is at the end? He said: Rather, he should start with the Witr prayer, and he said: I do this myself!

4 عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَقُومُ وَ أَنَا أَتَخَوَّفُ الْفَجْرَ قَالَ فَأَوْتِرْ قُلْتُ فَأَنْظُرُ وَ إِذَا عَلَيَّ لَيْلٌ قَالَ فَصَلِّ صَلَاةَ اللَّيْلِ.

📚 Al-Tahdheeb, Vol. 2, p. 340

Ali ibn Abdulaziz said: I said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): I get up while I am afraid of dawn approaching, (what should I do)? He said: Perform the (three rak'ahs) Witr prayer!

I said: (After performing the Witr) I look and see that it is still night! He said: Then perform your night prayer!

5 عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْأَحْوَلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّه إِذَا كُنْتَ أَنْتَ صَلَّيْتَ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ مِنْ صَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فَأَتِمَّ الصَّلَاةَ طَلَعَ أَمْ لَمْ يَطْلُعْ.

📚 Al-Tahdheeb, Vol. 2, p. 125

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: If you have performed four rak'ahs of your night prayer before dawn, then complete your prayers whether dawn breaks or not!

5 عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ الْبَزَّازِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ أَقُومُ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ بِقَلِيلٍ فَأُصَلِّي أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ ثُمَّ أَتَخَوَّفُ أَنْ يَنْفَجِرَ الْفَجْرُ أَبْدَأُ بِالْوَتْرِ أَوْ أُتِمُّ الرَّكَعَاتِ فَقَالَ لَا بَلْ أَوْتِرْ وَ أَخِّرِ الرَّكَعَاتِ حَتَّى تَقْضِيَهَا فِي صَدْرِ النَّهَارِ.

📚 Al-Tahdheeb, Vol. 2, p. 125

Ya'qub said: I said to the Imam: I get up a little before dawn, so I perform four rak'ahs and then I am afraid that dawn will break. Should I start with the Witr prayer or complete the rak'ahs of the night prayer?

He said: No! Rather, perform the Witr prayer and postpone the remaining rak'ahs of the night prayer to perform them as a make-up prayer at the beginning of the day!

6 عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه أُوتِرُ بَعْدَ مَا يَطْلُعُ الْفَجْرُ قَالَ لَا.

📚 Al-Tahdheeb, Vol. 2, p. 126

Ismail ibn Jabir said: Should I perform the Witr prayer after dawn? He said: No!

7 عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ إِذَا قُمْتَ وَ قَدْ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ فَابْدَأْ بِالْوَتْرِ ثُمَّ صَلِّ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ صَلِّ الرَّكَعَاتِ إِذَا أَصْبَحْتَ.

📚 Al-Tahdheeb, Vol. 2, p. 340

Abdullah ibn Sinan said: I heard Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) say: When you get up and dawn has broken, start with the Witr prayer, then perform the two rak'ahs (of the morning supererogatory prayer) and then (after the morning prayer) perform the rak'ahs of the night prayer!

8 عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَقُومُ وَ قَدْ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ فَإِنْ أَنَا بَدَأْتُ بِالْفَجْرِ صَلَّيْتُهَا فِي أَوَّلِ وَقْتِهَا وَ إِنْ بَدَأْتُ بِصَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ وَ الْوَتْرِ صَلَّيْتُ الْفَجْرَ فِي وَقْتِ هَؤُلَاءِ فَقَالَ ابْدَأْ بِصَلَاةِ اللَّيْلِ وَ الْوَتْرِ وَ لَا تَجْعَلْ ذَلِكَ عَادَةً.

📚 Al-Tahdheeb, Vol. 2, p. 126

Umar ibn Yazid said: I said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): I get up from sleep while dawn has broken. So if I start with the morning prayer, I will perform it at the beginning of its time, but if I start with the night prayer and the Witr prayer, I will perform the morning prayer at their time (i.e., the public's).

The Imam said: Start with the night prayer and the Witr prayer, but do not make this a habit and a custom!

9 عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّه رُبَّمَا قُمْتُ وَ قَدْ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ فَأُصَلِّي صَلَاةَ اللَّيْلِ وَ الْوَتْرَ وَ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أُصَلِّي الْفَجْرَ قَالَ قُلْتُ: أَفْعَلُ أَنَا ذَا قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ لَا يَكُونُ مِنْكَ عَادَةً

📚 Al-Tahdheeb, Vol. 2, p. 339

Sulaiman ibn Khalid said: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said to me: Sometimes I get up while dawn has broken, so I perform the night prayer and the Witr prayer and the supererogatory prayer before the morning prayer, and then I perform the morning prayer!

I said: Should I do this too? He said: Yes, but do not make this your habit and custom!

10 عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ [اباعبدالله] عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَأْتِي الْمَسْجِدَ وَ قَدْ صَلَّى أَهْلُهُ أَ يَبْتَدِئُ بِالْمَكْتُوبَةِ أَوْ يَتَطَوَّعُ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي وَقْتٍ حَسَنٍ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِالتَّطَوُّعِ قَبْلَ الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ خَافَ الْفَوْتَ مِنْ أَجْلِ مَا مَضَى مِنَ الْوَقْتِ فَلْيَبْدَأْ بِالْفَرِيضَةِ وَ هُوَ حَقُّ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ لْيَتَطَوَّعْ مَا شَاءَ أَلَا هُوَ مُوَسَّعٌ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ الْإِنْسَانُ فِي أَوَّلِ دُخُولِ وَقْتِ الْفَرِيضَةِ النَّوَافِلَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَخَافَ فَوْتَ الْفَرِيضَةِ وَ الْفَضْلُ إِذَا صَلَّى الْإِنْسَانُ وَحْدَهُ أَنْ يَبْدَأَ بِالْفَرِيضَةِ إِذَا دَخَلَ وَقْتُهَا لِيَكُونَ فَضْلُ أَوَّلِ الْوَقْتِ لِلْفَرِيضَةِ وَ لَيْسَ بِمَحْظُورٍ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ النَّوَافِلَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ الْوَقْتِ إِلَى قَرِيبٍ مِنْ آخِرِ الْوَقْتِ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 288

Sama'ah said: I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a person who comes to the mosque while its people have already prayed, should he start with the obligatory prayer or perform the supererogatory prayer?

He said: If he has enough time, there is no problem in performing the supererogatory prayer before the obligatory prayer, but if he is afraid of missing the time due to the amount of time that has passed, he must start with the obligatory prayer because this is the right of Allah, and then perform whatever supererogatory prayer he wants!

Indeed, a person is in a state of ease to perform the supererogatory prayer at the beginning of the time of the obligatory prayer, unless he is afraid of missing the obligatory prayer. And when a person performs a prayer individually, the virtue is that when the time for prayer enters, he should start with the obligatory prayer so that the virtue of the beginning of the time is for the obligatory prayer, but it is not forbidden to perform the supererogatory prayers from the beginning of the time until close to the end of the time!

1 1 سَأَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ یَزِیدَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ علیه السلام عَنِ الرِّوَایَةِ الَّتِی یَرْوُونَ أَنَّهُ لَا یَنْبَغِی أَنْ یُتَطَوَّعَ فِی وَقْتِ کُلِّ فَرِیضَةٍ مَا حَدُّ هَذَا الْوَقْتِ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْمُقِیمُ فِی الْإِقَامَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّ النَّاسَ یَخْتَلِفُونَ فِی الْإِقَامَةِ قَالَ الْمُقِیمُ الَّذِی یُصَلَّی مَعَهُ

📚 Al-Faqih, Vol. 1, p. 251

Umar ibn Yazid asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about a narration that they narrate that it is not appropriate to perform a supererogatory prayer during the time of every obligatory prayer. He asked what is the limit of this time? He said: When the person who says the Iqamah starts the Iqamah!

I said: People differ about the Iqamah!

He said: The Iqamah of the person who says the Iqamah that he performs the (congregational) prayer with!

2 1 عَنْ نَجَیه قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ تُدْرِكُنِي الصَّلَاةُ وَ يَدْخُلُ وَقْتُهَا فَأَبْدَأُ بِالنَّافِلَةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ لَا وَ لَكِنْ ابْدَأْ بِالْمَكْتُوبَةِ وَ اقْضِ النَّافِلَةَ.

📚 Al-Tahdheeb, Vol. 2, p. 167

Najiyah said: I said to Imam Baqir (peace be upon him): The prayer reaches me and its time enters, so should I start with the supererogatory prayer? He said: No! But start with the obligatory prayer and perform the supererogatory prayer as a make-up prayer!

3 1 عَنْ زِيَادٍ أَبِي غیاث عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِذَا حَضَرَتِ الْمَكْتُوبَةُ فَابْدَأْ بِهَا فَلَا يَضُرُّكَ أَنْ تَتْرُكُ مَا قَبْلَهَا مِنَ النَّافِلَةِ.

📚 Al-Tahdheeb, Vol. 2, p. 247

Ziyad said: I heard Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) say: When the time for the obligatory prayer arrives, start with it, and it will not harm you to abandon the supererogatory prayers before that prayer!

✅It is clear from the above narrations and others that the time for the night prayer is from midnight until the breaking of dawn.

The supererogatory night prayer is called the four two-rak'ah prayers that are performed at the beginning, and the Witr prayer is called the three-rak'ah prayer that is performed after the night prayer, two rak'ahs of which are performed separately under the name of Shaf', and one rak'ah of which is also performed separately with a qunut, and after these, the morning supererogatory prayer, which is two rak'ahs, is performed.

According to the above narrations, a person who wakes up at a time when he is afraid that dawn will break, should only recite the Surah Al-Hamd in his prayers and perform his prayers quickly and hastily, or he should start by performing the Witr prayer and after finishing the Witr prayer, if dawn has not yet broken, he should perform his night prayers, and if dawn has broken, he should perform his morning prayer and then perform his night prayer as a make-up.

Also, if he has performed four rak'ahs, i.e., two two-rak'ah prayers, of the night prayer before dawn, he can also perform the rest of it and then perform the morning prayer.

In another narration, it is also stated that if he has performed four rak'ahs of the night prayer and is afraid of dawn breaking, he should perform the Witr prayer and make up those other four rak'ahs later.

But if dawn has broken when he gets up from sleep, the virtue and the better thing to do is to first perform the obligatory morning prayer and then make up the night supererogatory prayers, but on the condition that the prayer is performed individually and he is not afraid of missing the time of the obligatory prayer. The permission to perform the night prayer and the Witr prayer and the morning supererogatory prayer before the morning prayer has been received, but making this a habit and custom has been forbidden, and he can only do this occasionally if he has accidentally slept until dawn, and in another hadith, it is recommended that if dawn has broken and he wakes up, he should perform the Witr prayer and the morning supererogatory prayer and then perform the morning prayer and then make up the night prayer.

And if it is a congregational prayer, he should not perform any supererogatory prayer from the moment the muezzin says the Iqamah for the prayer.

✅In most of the above situations, it is observed that if the time for the obligatory morning prayer has entered, the virtue is to start with the morning prayer and the night prayer and Witr are made up later, but there are permissions in some specific situations with specific limits and conditions that can be used by carefully examining the narrations.

✅Regarding the time limit for the supererogatory prayers of Dhuhr and Asr, please refer to the following link:

https://feghh14.com/en/160