Answer
Innovation of wudu' by immersion
✅ Please pay attention to the following verse and narrations:
یَا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَی الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَکُمْ وَ أَیْدِیَکُمْ إِلَی الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِکُمْ وَأَرْجُلَکُمْ إِلَی الْکَعْبَیْنِ
📚 Surah Al-Ma'idah, verse 6
✅ Translation: O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows, and wipe over your heads and your feet to the ankles.
1 عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ قَاعِداً عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه فَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ فَمَلَأَ بِهِ كَفَّهُ فَعَمَّ بِهِ وَجْهَهُ ثُمَّ مَلَأَ كَفَّهُ فَعَمَّ بِهِ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى ثُمَّ مَلَأَ كَفَّهُ فَعَمَّ بِهِ يَدَهُ الْيُسْرَى ثُمَّ مَسَحَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَ رِجْلَيْهِ وَ قَالَ هَذَا وُضُوءُ مَنْ لَمْ يُحْدِثْ حَدَثاً يَعْنِي بِهِ التَّعَدِّيَ فِي الْوُضُوءِ
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 27
Hammad ibn Uthman said: 'I was sitting with Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him), and he asked for water and filled his palm with water and covered his face with it. Then he filled his palm with water and covered his right hand with it. Then he filled his palm with water and covered his left hand with it, and then he wiped his head and his feet. Then he said: 'This is the wudu' of a person who does not innovate,' and what he meant by that was transgression in the limits of wudu'!'
📚 Ilal al-Shara'i, p. 279, No. 2
2 عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: مَنْ تَعَدَّى فِي الْوُضُوءِ كَانَ كَنَاقِضِهِ.
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'A person who transgresses in wudu' is like one who violates and breaks it!'
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, p. 21
3 عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا الْوُضُوءُ حَدٌّ مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ لِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ مَنْ يُطِيعُهُ وَ مَنْ يَعْصِيهِ....
Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: 'Indeed, wudu' is a limit from the limits of Allah, so that Allah may know (it becomes clear) who obeys Him and who disobeys Him....'
✅ Allah, the Mighty and Exalted, has stated the ruling of the wudu' obligation in verse 6 of Surah Al-Ma'idah, and the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) have explained its interpretation, limits, and details in multiple narrations, and in more than 10 narrations, they have narrated and explained the practical method of the wudu' of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) for the companions.
In these narrations, they have explained for us the amount of water needed for wudu', the number of cupped hands of water permissible for wudu', the place to pour the cupped hand of water on the hands and face, the method of wiping the hands and face, the limits of the hands and face, and many other limits, and they considered transgressing them as transgression of the limits of Allah.
Meanwhile, some came and with an ijtihadi (juristic) view, from the phrase 'Faghsillu wujuhakum wa aydiyakum ilal-marafiq' (wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows) in verse 6 of Surah Al-Ma'idah, they proposed that this washing can also be done by immersion and they innovated the immersive wudu' and also prepared various rulings for it, including:
Ruling 1: Immersive wudu' is when a person immerses their face and hands in water with the intention of wudu', or immerses them in water and brings them out with the intention of wudu'. And for the wiping of the head and feet to be done with the water of wudu', one must immerse the left hand in water and intend wudu' when bringing it out. In fact, for the right hand as well, for the wiping to be done with the water of wudu', one must intend wudu' when bringing it out of the water, unless one does not intend to wash the entire left hand when bringing it out of the water so that the rest can be washed with the water of the right hand.!!!
Ruling 2: In immersive wudu' as well, the face and hands must be washed from top to bottom, so if one intends wudu' when immersing their face and hands in the water, they must immerse the face from the forehead side and the hands from the elbows side. And if one intends wudu' when bringing them out of the water, they must bring the face out from the forehead side and the hands from the elbows side!!!
✅ But it must be known that there is no hadith from the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) confirming or providing rulings for immersive wudu'. The interpretation and limits of 'faghsillu' in the wudu' verse must only be explained by the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and just as the ruling of zakat is mentioned in the Quran but its details such as the items subject to zakat, the minimum amount, and other rulings are explained by the Prophet and the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), the limits of 'faghsillu' in the wudu' verse must also be explained by the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). Opinion, ijtihad, and analogy with immersive ghusl have no place regarding it, and wudu' is only to be performed sequentially and in the same manner that has been explained in multiple narrations by the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them).