Question 95: What if I lend someone money or sell goods to someone, and they consume my property without paying back the loan or the goods I sold them? Is there a way to avoid such risks?
✅ Answer: Consider the following two narrations:
عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ فِی قُرْبِ الْإِسْنَادِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ زِیَادٍ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلی الله علیه و آله أَصْنَافٌ لَا یُسْتَجَابُ لَهُمْ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَدَانَ رَجُلًا دَیْناً إِلَی أَجَلٍ فَلَمْ یَکْتُبْ عَلَیْهِ کِتَاباً وَ لَمْ یُشْهِدْ عَلَیْهِ شُهُوداً....
📚 *Qurb al-Asnad*, p. 79
Translation: Imam al-Sadiq (AS) narrated from his ancestors from the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) who said: There are several groups whose prayers are not accepted, and one of them is the person who lends money to another (or makes a deferred transaction) but does not write a contract for it nor take witnesses for it...
✅ Explanation: According to verse 282 of Surah Al-Baqarah and many narrations, one must write down the terms and conditions of the loan or transaction and take two just witnesses, as this is required by the verse and the narration. All believers should act in accordance with this verse and narration.
As for how to write this document, after mentioning the terms and specifics of the loan or transaction, the following important phrase should be written by the debtor on the document, which will ensure the debt is paid during their lifetime or after their death. Pay attention to the following narration:
وَ عَنْهُمْ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِیَادٍ عَنْ یَعْقُوبَ بْنِ یَزِیدَ عَنْ زَکَرِیَّا الْخَرَّازِ عَنْ یَحْیَی الْحَذَّاءِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِی الْحَسَنِ فی حدیث.. فَإِذَا کَانَ لَکَ عَلَی رَجُلٍ حَقٌّ فَقُلْ لَهُ فَلْیَکْتُبْ وَ کَتَبَ فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ بِخَطِّهِ وَ أَشْهَدَ اللَّهَ عَلَی نَفْسِهِ وَ کَفَی بِاللَّهِ شَهِیداً فَإِنَّهُ یُقْضَی فِی حَیَاتِهِ أَوْ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ
📚 *Kafi*, Vol. 5, p. 318
Translation: Imam al-Kadhim (AS) said in a narration: When you have a debt owed to you (from a loan or deferred transaction), tell the person to write:
وَ کَتَبَ فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ بِخَطِّهِ وَ أَشْهَدَ اللَّهَ عَلَی نَفْسِهِ وَ کَفَی بِاللَّهِ شَهِیداً
Meaning: And so-and-so, son of so-and-so (this document of loan or deferred transaction) was written by his own handwriting, and he took Allah as a witness, and Allah is sufficient as a witness.
So when this is written, the debt will be paid either during his life or after his death.
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