Answer
1 عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْداللَّه قَالَ: لَا تَكُونُ مُتْعَةٌ إِلَّا بِأَمْرَيْنِ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى وَ أَجْرٍ مُسَمًّى.
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 455
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'There is no Mut'ah (temporary marriage) except with two things: a stated duration and a stated payment!'
2 عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَاعَبْداللَّه عَنِ الْمُتْعَةِ فَقَالَ مَهْرٌ مَعْلُومٌ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ.
📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 7, p. 262
Ismail ibn al-Fadl said: 'I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about Mut'ah.' He said: 'A known and specified dowry for a known and specified duration!'
3 عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي حَدِيثٍ إِنْ سُمِّيَ الْأَجَلُ فَهُوَ مُتْعَةٌ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُسَمَّ الْأَجَلُ فَهُوَ نِكَاحٌ بَاتٌّ.
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 456
Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said in a hadith: 'If a duration is mentioned (in a temporary contract), it is Mut'ah, but if a duration is not mentioned, then it is a permanent marriage!'
4 عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ تَغْلِبَ فِي حَدِيثِ صِيغَةِ الْمُتْعَةِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه فَإِنِّي أَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ أَذْكُرَ شَرْطَ الْأَيَّامِ قَالَ هُوَ أَضَرُّ عَلَيْكَ قُلْتُ وَ كَيْفَ قَالَ لِأَنَّكَ إِنْ لَمْ تَشْرِطْ كَانَ تَزْوِيجَ مُقَامٍ وَ لَزِمَتْكَ النَّفَقَةُ فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَ كَانَتْ وَارِثاً وَ لَمْ تَقْدِرْ عَلَى أَنْ تُطَلِّقَهَا إِلَّا طَلَاقَ السُّنَّةِ.
📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 5, p. 455
Aban said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) in a hadith about the Mut'ah formula: 'I am ashamed to mention the condition of the days!'
The Imam said: 'This is more harmful for you!'
I said: 'How so?!'
He said: 'Because if you do not mention the condition of the duration, the marriage becomes permanent, and (like a permanent marriage) you are obliged to pay for her sustenance during the 'Iddah period, and she inherits from you, and you cannot divorce her except according to the Sunnah of divorce!'
5 عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّه أَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ مُتْعَةً مَرَّةً مُبْهَمَةً قَالَ فَقَالَ ذَاكَ أَشَدُّ عَلَيْكَ تَرِثُهَا وَ تَرِثُكَ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ لَكَ أَنْ تُطَلِّقَهَا إِلَّا عَلَى طُهْرٍ وَ شَاهِدَيْنِ قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ فَكَيْفَ أَتَزَوَّجُهَا قَالَ أَيَّاماً مَعْدُودَةً بِشَيْ ءٍ مُسَمًّى مِقْدَارَ مَا تَرَاضَيْتُمْ بِهِ فَإِذَا مَضَتْ أَيَّامُهَا كَانَ طَلَاقُهَا فِي شَرْطِهَا وَ لَا نَفَقَةَ وَ لَا عِدَّةَ لَهَا عَلَيْكَ الْحَدِيثَ.
📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 7, p. 267
Hisham said: 'I said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): 'I marry a woman temporarily in a vague and unspecified manner!''
Then the Imam said: 'This is harder for you, for you inherit from her and she inherits from you, and it is not permissible for you to divorce her except in a state of purity and with two witnesses!'
I said: 'May Allah improve your affairs, so how do I marry her?' He said: 'For a specific number of days with a specific amount of dowry that you agree upon.'
Then when her days are over, her divorce is included in her condition (and there is no need for a divorce), and there is no sustenance for her for you to pay!
✅ According to the above narrations and others, a temporary marriage has two basic conditions that must be mentioned in the formula: a specific duration and a specific payment or dowry.
However, if the duration is not specified in the temporary marriage formula, and the temporary marriage formula is recited without mentioning the duration, according to the above narrations, it is considered a permanent marriage, and the rulings of a permanent marriage apply to it. That is, they inherit from each other, and her divorce must be performed like a permanent marriage, in a state of purity without intercourse and with two just witnesses, and the man is also responsible for the sustenance during the 'Iddah period. Therefore, according to the recommendation of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) in hadith 5, the duration of the contract along with the agreed-upon dowry and payment must be mentioned so that it does not fall under the rulings of a permanent marriage.
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ
وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ
Manner of reciting the permanent and temporary marriage formulas