Answer
✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:
1 جعفر بن إبراهيم الهاشمي عن أَبِي عبداللَّه قال: قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِبَنِي هَاشِمٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا تِلْكَ الصَّدَقَةُ الْوَاجِبَةُ عَلَى النَّاسِ لَا تَحِلُّ لَنَا فَأَمَّا غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ
📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 59
Ja'far ibn Ibrahim said: 'I said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): 'Is charity lawful for the Banu Hashim?' The Imam said: 'It is the obligatory charity that is not lawful for us, but other than that, there is no problem.'
2 أَحمد بن مُحَمَّد عن بعض أَصْحَابِنَا رَفَعَ الْحَدِيثَ قال: فَالنِّصْفُ لَهُ خَاصَّةً وَ النِّصْفُ لِلْيَتَامَى وَ الْمَسَاكِينِ وَ أَبْنَاءِ السَّبِيلِ مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ الَّذِينَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُمُ الصَّدَقَةُ وَ لَا الزَّكَاةُ عَوَّضَهُمُ اللَّهُ مَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بِالْخُمُسِ
📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 4, p. 126
One of the companions narrated a hadith to the Imam in which he said regarding the division of the khums: 'So half of the khums belongs to him (i.e., the Imam, peace be upon him), and the other half is for the orphans, the needy, and the wayfarers from the family of Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) (i.e., the Sayyids), for whom (obligatory) charity and zakat are not lawful, and in return for that (i.e., zakat and obligatory charity), Allah has designated the khums for them!'
3 بعض أَصْحَابِنَا عن الْعَبْدالصَّالِح فِي حَدِيث طَوِيل قال: و إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ هَذَا الْخُمُسَ خَاصَّةً لَهُمْ يَعْنِي بَنِي الْمُطَّلِبِ عِوَضاً لَهُمْ مِنْ صَدَقَاتِ النَّاسِ تَنْزِيهاً مِنَ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ و لَا بَأْسَ بِصَدَقَاتِ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ
📚Al-Kafi, Vol. 1, p. 540
Imam Kadhim (peace be upon him) said: 'Indeed, Allah has designated the khums specifically for the children of Abd al-Muttalib (i.e., the Sayyids) in place of the people's charities, out of His own purification for them, but there is no problem with the charities of some Sayyids for others!''
4 زيد الشَّحَّام عن أَبي عبداللَّه قال: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ هِيَ الزَّكَاةُ الْمَفْرُوضَةُ وَ لَمْ تحَرَم عَلَيْنَا صَدَقَةُ بَعْضِنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ
📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 4, p. 59
Zayd al-Shahham said: 'I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about the charity that has been made unlawful for them.' The Imam said: 'It is the obligatory zakat, and the charity of some of us is not unlawful for others.'
5 إِسماعيل بن الْفَضْل الْهَاشِمِي قال: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عبداللَّه عَنِ الصَّدَقَةِ الَّتِي حُرِّمَتْ عَلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ مَا هِيَ فَقَالَ هِيَ الزَّكَاةُ قُلْتُ فَتَحِلُّ صَدَقَةُ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ
📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 4, p. 58
Abdullah ibn Fadl al-Hashimi said: 'I asked Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) about the charity that has been made unlawful for the Banu Hashim, what is it?' He said: 'It is the same as zakat.' I said: 'Is the charity of some of them lawful for others?' He said: 'Yes.'
6 زرارة عن أَبي عبداللَّه قال: قُلْتُ لَهُ صَدَقَاتُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ تَحِلُّ لَهُمْ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ صَدَقَةُ الرَّسُولِ تَحِلُّ لِجَمِيعِ النَّاسِ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَ غَيْرِهِمْ وَ صَدَقَاتُ بَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ تَحِلُّ لَهُمْ وَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُمْ صَدَقَاتُ إِنْسَانٍ غَرِيبٍ
📚Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 4, p. 61
Zurarah said: 'I said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): 'Is the charity of the Banu Hashim lawful for one another?' He said: 'The charity of the Messenger (peace be upon him and his family) is lawful for all people, from the Banu Hashim and others, and the charities of the Banu Hashim are also lawful for one another, but the charities of a stranger (i.e., non-Sayyids) are not lawful for them!'
7 أَبي عبداللَّه أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ لَا تَحِلُّ لِبَنِي هَاشِم فقال أَبُو عَبْداللَّه إِنَّمَا ذَلِك مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ غَيْرِنَا فَأَمَّا بَعْضُنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِك
📚Qurb al-Isnad, p. 12
It was said to Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him): 'Is (obligatory) charity lawful for the Banu Hashim?' So Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: 'Indeed, it is unlawful for us from others, but there is no problem with some of us for others!'
✅It is clear from the above narrations and others that obligatory zakat and Zakat al-Fitrah have been made unlawful for the Sayyids unless the giver is also a Sayyid.
✅Also, what is made unlawful for the Sayyids is the obligatory zakat and obligatory charity, and there is no problem with giving non-obligatory charities to the Sayyids.
However, since atonements for fasts and others, and ransoms, are also considered obligatory charities, with regard to narration 1 and others, one should be cautious about giving them to the Sayyids, although the definite case is the obligatory zakat.
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ
وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Narrated acts for the night of the 15th of Sha'ban
O Allah, hasten the relief, well-being, and victory for Your Guardian!