✅Answer: First, pay attention to the following narrations:

1 مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ لَأَنْ أُصَلِّيَ بَعْدَ مَا مَضَى الْوَقْتُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ وَ أَنَا فِي شَكٍّ مِنَ الْوَقْتِ وَ قَبْلَ الْوَقْتِ

📚 Al-Faqih, vol. 1, p. 223

Translation: Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said: If I pray after the time has passed, it is more beloved to me than if I pray while I am in doubt about the entry of the time or if I pray before the time.

2 عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْمِيثَمِيِّ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: مَنْ صَلَّى فِي غَيْرِ وَقْتٍ فَلَا صَلَاةَ لَهُ

📚 Al-Tahdhib, vol. 2, p. 254

Translation: A person who prays at a time other than its (prescribed) time, there is no prayer for him.

3 عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ فِي رَجُلٍ صَلَّى الْغَدَاةَ بِلَيْلٍ غَرَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْقَمَرُ وَ نَامَ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى بِلَيْلٍ قَالَ يُعِيدُ صَلَاتَهُ

📚 Al-Tahdhib, vol. 2, p. 254

Translation: Imam al-Baqir (peace be upon him) said about a person who was deceived by the moonlight and prayed the morning prayer at night and slept until the sun rose, and then he was informed that he had prayed at night: He repeats his prayer.

✅ It is clear from many narrations, a few of which were mentioned, that a person must be certain of the entry of the time for prayer and should not pray while in doubt about the entry of the time, nor should he pray before the time has entered.

✅ However, sometimes for various reasons, a person sees that the time for prayer has entered (not that he is in doubt) and he begins to pray without being in doubt, while the time has not yet entered, but the time enters during his prayer. In this specific case, which is the subject of our question, pay attention to the following narration:

4 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ رَبَاحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ وَ أَنْتَ تَرَى أَنَّكَ فِي وَقْتٍ وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلِ الْوَقْتُ فَدَخَلَ الْوَقْتُ وَ أَنْتَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَقَدْ أَجْزَأَتْ عَنْكَ.

📚 Al-Tahdhib, vol. 2, p. 35

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 3, p. 286

Translation: Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: If you prayed while you saw that the time for prayer had entered, while (in reality) the time for prayer had not entered, and while you were in the middle of the prayer, the time entered, indeed, it is sufficient for you.

✅ It should be noted that in the above situation, the person does not doubt the entry of the time, but for some reasons, such as the moonlight and so on, he sees that the time has entered while it has not, and the time enters during his prayer. In this case, it is sufficient for him, and this is different from starting the prayer while in doubt about the time.

✅ It is clear from the above narrations that if a person finds out after the prayer that he has prayed at a time other than its (prescribed) time, he must repeat his prayer.

Praying at an improper time or with doubt about the time