✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ وَ الَّذِي بِهِ الْعُطَاشُ لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُفْطِرَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ- وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِمَا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرَا فَلَا شَيْ ءَ عَلَيْهِمَا

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 116

📚 Al-Faqih, vol. 2, p. 133

Translation: Muhammad ibn Muslim said: I heard Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) say: An elderly man and someone who has the disease of 'utash (meaning a disease in which a person feels thirsty no matter how much water they drink), there is no blame on them for breaking the fast in the month of Ramadan, and each of them should give a 'mudd' of food as charity every day, and there is no obligation for them to make up the fast, and if they do not have the ability to give (a 'mudd' of food), there is nothing on them.

2 عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ الْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ عَنِ الشَّيْخِ الْكَبِيرِ وَ الْعَجُوزِ الْكَبِيرَةِ الَّتِي تَضْعُفُ عَنِ الصَّوْمِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ- قَالَ تَصَدَّقَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدِّ حِنْطَةٍ

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 116

📚 Al-Faqih, vol. 2, p. 134

Translation: Abd al-Malik said: I asked Imam Kazim (peace be upon him) about a very old man and a very old woman who are weak and unable to fast in the month of Ramadan; the Imam said: They should give a 'mudd' of wheat as charity every day.

3 عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ عَلَى «الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعامُ مِسْكِينٍ» ✳️ قَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يُطِيقُونَ الصَّوْمَ فَأَصَابَهُمْ كِبَرٌ أَوْ عُطَاشٌ أَوْ شِبْهُ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَيْهِمْ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدّ

✳️ Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 184

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 116

Translation: Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said about the verse 'And upon those who are able to fast, a ransom (is due), the feeding of a poor person': These are the people who were able to fast but reach old age or suffer from the disease of 'utash or similar, so a 'mudd' (of food) is their responsibility for every day.

✅It is clear from the above narrations that a man or woman who has reached old age and due to that, is weak and unable to fast, there is no obligation for them to make up the fast or pay a kaffarah, and only if they are able, they should give a 'mudd' of food as 'fidyah' to a poor person for each day they do not fast.

✅If such a person dies without giving the 'fidyah' despite having the financial ability, there is no obligation for his guardian to make up his fasts in the narrations, and only that 'mudd' of food for each day of fasting should be given to a poor person on his behalf.

✅The ruling for someone who falls ill in the month of Ramadan and dies before recovering and other possible situations is different from the case in the question, and the above ruling is specific to someone who breaks the fast due to old age and feebleness.

breakingthefastdue totheweaknessofoldage