✅ Answer: Please consider the following narrations:

1⃣عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُ الْحَامِلُ الْمُقْرِبُ وَ الْمُرْضِعُ الْقَلِيلَةُ اللَّبَنِ لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ تُفْطِرَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لِأَنَّهُمَا لَا يُطِيقَانِ الصَّوْمَ وَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ يُفْطِرُ فِيهِ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ عَلَيْهِمَا قَضَاءُ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَتَا فِيهِ تَقْضِيَانِهِ بَعْدُ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 117

Muhammad bin Muslim said: I heard Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) say: A pregnant woman who is near childbirth and a nursing woman with little milk are not obligated to fast in Ramadan because they are unable to endure fasting. However, both must give one Mudd of food as charity for each day they miss and later make up the missed fasts.

2⃣أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَیْنِ بْنِ سَعِیدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَیُّوبَ عَنِ الْحُسَیْنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْکَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِی الْحَسَنِ إِنَّ امْرَأَتِی جَعَلَتْ عَلَی نَفْسِهَا صَوْمَ شَهْرَیْنِ فَوَضَعَتْ وَلَدَهَا وَ أَدْرَکَهَا الْحَبَلُ فَلَمْ تَقْوَ عَلَی الصَّوْمِ قَالَ فَلْتَتَصَدَّقْ مَکَانَ کُلِّ یَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ عَلَی مِسْکِینٍ.

📚 Al-Kafi, Vol. 4, p. 137

Muhammad bin Ja'far said: I asked Imam Abu al-Hasan (peace be upon him): My wife vowed to fast for two months, but she gave birth and then became pregnant again, making her unable to fast. The Imam said: She should give one Mudd of food to a needy person for each missed day.

3⃣عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعامُ مِسْكِينٍ قَالَ الْمَرْأَةُ تَخَافُ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا وَ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ.

📚 Tafsir Ayyashi, Vol. 1, p. 79

Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) explained the verse: 'And upon those who are able to fast (but with hardship) is a ransom: feeding a poor person.' (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:184) He said: 'This refers to a pregnant or nursing woman who fears for her child, as well as an elderly person.'

✅ Based on the above narrations and others, only a pregnant woman who is near childbirth or finds fasting too difficult and unbearable is permitted to break her fast during Ramadan. In addition to making up the missed fasts later, she must give one Mudd of food as charity for each missed day to a needy person.

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اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْر