Question 1788: When should the ritual baths (ghusl) for the nights of Ramadan be performed?
✅ Answer: Please refer to the following narrations:
1⃣عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ فُضَیْلٍ عَنْ أَبِی جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: الْغُسْلُ فِی شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عِنْدَ وُجُوبِ الشَّمْسِ قُبَیْلَهُ ثُمَّ یُصَلِّی ثُمَّ یُفْطِرُ.
📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 153
Imam Baqir, peace be upon him, said: The ghusl in Ramadan is performed shortly before sunset, then the Maghrib prayer is performed, followed by breaking the fast!
2⃣عَنْ عِیصِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَاعَبْداللَّهِ عَنِ اللَّیْلَةِ الَّتِی یُطْلَبُ فِیهَا مَا یُطْلَبُ مَتَی الْغُسْلُ فَقَالَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ اللَّیْلِ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ حَیْثُ تَقُومُ مِنْ آخِرِهِ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْقِیَامِ فَقَالَ تَقُومُ فِی أَوَّلِهِ وَ آخِرِهِ.
📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 154
Ays ibn Qasim said: I asked Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, about the night when what is sought is obtained (i.e., Laylat al-Qadr). When should the ghusl be performed? Imam said: At the beginning of the night, and if you wish, at the time you rise in the last part of the night (i.e., at dawn).
I also asked him about the rise (in worship) during Laylat al-Qadr. He said: You perform worship at the beginning and end of that night!
3⃣رَوَی الْعَلَاءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا علیه السلام أَنَّهُ قَالَ یُغْتَسَلُ فِی ثَلَاثِ لَیَالٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِی تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ وَ إِحْدَی وَ عِشْرِینَ وَ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِینَ وَ أُصِیبَ أَمِیرُ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ علیه السلام فِی تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ وَ قُبِضَ علیه السلام فِی إِحْدَی وَ عِشْرِینَ قَالَ وَ الْغُسْلُ فِی أَوَّلِ اللَّیْلِ وَ هُوَ یُجْزِی إِلَی آخِرِهِ.
📚 Al-Faqih, vol. 2, p. 100
Imam Baqir or Imam Sadiq, peace be upon them, said: The ghusl is performed on three nights of Ramadan: the 19th, the 21st, and the 23rd night. Amir al-Mu'minin, peace be upon him, was struck on the 19th night and martyred on the 21st night.
He said: The ghusl is at the beginning of the night, and it suffices for the rest of the night!
📚 Al-Tahdhib, vol. 3, p. 64
4⃣ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِی الْحَسَنِ وَ سَمَاعَةُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِی عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَیْمَانَ وَ سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِیثِ فَأَخْبَرَنِی بِهِ وَ قَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ جَمِیعاً سَأَلَنَا عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِی شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ کَیْفَ هِیَ وَ کَیْفَ فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ... إلی أَنْ قَالَ... فَلَمَّا کَانَ لَیْلَةُ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ اغْتَسَلَ حِینَ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ و صَلَّی الْمَغْرِبَ بِغُسْلٍ ..... فَلَمَّا کَانَ لَیْلَةُ إِحْدَی وَ عِشْرِینَ اغْتَسَلَ حِینَ غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَ صَلَّی فِیهَا مِثْلَ مَا فَعَلَ فی لَیْلَةِ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ...فَلَمَّا کَانَتْ لَیْلَةُ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِینَ اغْتَسَلَ أَیْضاً کَمَا اغْتَسَلَ فِی لَیْلَةِ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ و کَمَا اغْتَسَلَ فِی لَیْلَةِ إِحْدَی و عِشْرِینَ ثُمَّ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَلِک
Some of the companions said: We asked Imam Reza, peace be upon him, about the prayer in Ramadan, how it is performed, and how the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, did it... until he said: So, when the 19th night of Ramadan came, he performed ghusl at sunset and then performed the Maghrib prayer with the ghusl... When the 21st night of Ramadan came, he performed ghusl at sunset and prayed just as he did on the 19th night... And when the 23rd night came, he performed ghusl and did the same as on the 19th and 21st nights...
📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 100
Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said: The time for sunset and the obligation of breaking the fast is when you stand facing the Qibla and observe the red glow rising from the east. When that redness passes over the top of your head towards the west, the fast is broken, and sunset has occurred.
✅ In the above narrations, it is seen that the ghusl on the nights of Ramadan is performed at the beginning of the night or shortly before the actual sunset, which corresponds to the time of the Adhan, so that the Maghrib prayer is performed with the ghusl.
Of course, the allowance to perform it in the last part of the night at dawn is also mentioned in the above narrations.
✅ According to the narrations, the actual sunset is when the redness from the east has passed over the top of the head towards the western horizon, which corresponds to the time of the Maghrib Adhan.
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