Answer
four specific fasting days
✅ Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:
1 أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْهَمَذَانِيُّ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ التُّسْتَرِيُّ قَالا حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ الْمَكِّيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَلَوِيُّ الْعُرَيْضِيُّ قَالَ وَ حَكَّ فِي صَدْرِي مَا الْأَيَّامُ الَّتِي تُصَامُ فَقَصَدْتُ مَوْلَانَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ هُوَ بِصَرْيَا وَ لَمْ أُبْدِ ذَلِكَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا بَصُرَ بِي قَالَ يَا أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ جِئْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي عَنِ الْأَيَّامِ الَّتِي يُصَامُ فِيهِنَّ وَ هِيَ أَرْبَعَةٌ أَوَّلُهُنَّ يَوْمُ السَّابِعِ وَ الْعِشْرِينَ مِنْ رَجَبٍ- يَوْمٌ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مُحَمَّداً إِلَى خَلْقِهِ رَحْمَةً لِلْعالَمِينَ وَ يَوْمُ مَوْلِدِهِ وَ هُوَ السَّابِعَ عَشَرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ وَ يَوْمُ الْخَامِسِ وَ الْعِشْرِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ فِيهِ دُحِيَتِ الْكَعْبَةُ وَ يَوْمُ الْغَدِيرِ فِيهِ أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَخَاهُ عَلِيّاً عَلَماً لِلنَّاسِ وَ إِمَاماً مِنْ بَعْدِهِ قُلْتُ صَدَقْتَ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لِذَلِكَ قَصَدْتُ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ حُجَّةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِه
📚 Al-Tahdhib, Vol. 4, p. 305
Arizhi said: 'It was imprinted on my heart and mind to ask about the days on which fasting is performed! So I set out to see our master Ali ibn Muhammad (Imam Hadi, peace be upon him), while he was in Suraya (a village southeast of Medina, which, according to Ibn Shahr Ashub in 📚Al-Manaqib, Vol. 4, p. 382, was built by Imam Kadhim, peace be upon him, and is also the birthplace of Imam Hadi). And I did not reveal this matter to anyone from Allah's creation.'
Then I entered upon the Imam. When he saw me, he said: 'O Abu Ishaq! You have come to ask me about the specific days for fasting! And they are four days:'
'The first of them is the twenty-seventh of Rajab, the day on which Allah the Almighty sent Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) to His creation as a mercy to the worlds'
( Day of Mab'ath )
'And the day of his birth (Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him and his family), which is the seventeenth of Rabi' al-Awwal'
'And the twenty-fifth of Dhu al-Qa'dah, on which the Ka'bah was spread'
( Day of Dahw al-Ard )
'And the day of Ghadir (Eid al-Ghadir), on which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his family) appointed his brother Ali (peace be upon him) as the banner and Imam for the people after him!'
Arizhi said: 'I said: You have spoken the truth, may I be your ransom! This is why I came to you, and I bear witness that you are the proof of Allah upon His creation!'
2 وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْهُدَى أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَ السَّابِعَ عَشَرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ وَ هُوَ مَوْلِدُ سَيِّدِنَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ صِيَامَ سَنَةٍ.
📚 Masar al-Shi'ah, p. 66
Sheikh Mufid says in the book Masar al-Shi'ah: 'And it is narrated from the Imams of Guidance (peace be upon them) that they said: 'Whoever fasts on the seventeenth of Rabi' al-Awwal, which is the day of our master the Messenger of Allah's birth (peace be upon him and his family), Allah will write for him the fasting of one year!'
✅ A very beautiful Ziyarah for Imam Ali (peace be upon him), containing many of the virtues of the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him), has been narrated from Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) for the seventeenth of Rabi' al-Awwal, which is mentioned in Mafatih al-Jinan and the following books:
📚 Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. 100, p. 373
📚 Al-Mazar (Shahid Awwal), p. 89
📚 Mazar Kabir ibn Mashhadi, p. 205
📚 Iqbal al-A'mal, Vol. 3, p. 130
اللَّهُمَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ