Question 1248: Is there any basis in tradition for placing a ring with the names of the infallibles under the tongue of the deceased or in the grave?
Answer
Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:
1 عَنِ ابْنِ حُمَیْدٍ رَفَعَهُ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَی أَمِیرِ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ علیه السلام فَقَالَ أَخْبِرْنِی عَنِ السُّنَّةِ وَ الْبِدْعَةِ وَ عَنِ الْجَمَاعَةِ وَ عَنِ الْفِرْقَةِ فَقَالَ أَمِیرُ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَیْهِ السُّنَّةُ مَا سَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلی الله علیه و آله وَ الْبِدْعَةُ مَا أُحْدِثَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ الْجَمَاعَةُ أَهْلُ الْحَقِّ وَ إِنْ کَانُوا قَلِیلًا وَ الْفِرْقَةُ أَهْلُ الْبَاطِلِ وَ إِنْ کَانُوا کَثِیراً.
Ma'ani al-Akhbar, p. 155
A man came to Amir al-Mu'minin, peace be upon him, and said: 'Tell me about Sunnah, Bid'ah (innovation), Jama'ah (community), and Firqah (sect)!'
He said:
'Sunnah is what the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, established and left as a tradition.'
'And Bid'ah is what has been created after him.'
'And the Jama'ah are the people of truth, even if they are few.'
'And the Firqah are the people of falsehood, even if they are many!'
2 عَنْ فُضَيْلٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُ كُلُّ مَا لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ.
Basa'ir al-Darajat, p. 531, hadith 21
Fudayl said: 'I heard Imam Baqir, peace be upon him, say: 'Whatever has not come out of this house (meaning the house of the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them) is false!''
3) Imam Baqir and Imam Sadiq, peace be upon them, said in a hadith: 'The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said on the pulpit regarding Tarawih and Duha prayers:'
أَلَا وَ إِنَّ كُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ وَ كُلَّ ضَلَالَةٍ سَبِيلُهَا إِلَى النَّارِ ثُمَّ نَزَلَ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ قَلِيلٌ فِي سُنَّةٍ خَيْرٌ مِنْ كَثِيرٍ فِي بِدْعَةٍ.
'Be aware that every innovation is misguidance, and every misguidance leads to the fire!'
'Then he descended from the pulpit, saying:'
'A little in the Sunnah is better than a lot in Bid'ah!'
Al-Faqih, vol. 2, p. 137
4 قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ لِسَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ وَ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ- شَرِّقَا وَ غَرِّبَا فَوَ اللَّهِ لَا تَجِدَانِ عِلْماً صَحِيحاً إِلَّا شَيْئاً خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْت
Al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 399
Imam Baqir, peace be upon him, said to Salama ibn Kuhayl and Hakam ibn Utaybah: 'Go to the east and go to the west! By Allah, you will not find correct knowledge except for what has come from us, the Ahl al-Bayt!'
5 قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي حَدِيثٍ أَمَا إِنَّهُ شَرٌّ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تَقُولُوا بِشَيْءٍ مَا لَمْ تَسْمَعُوهُ مِنَّا
Al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 401
Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, said in a hadith: 'Be aware that it is evil for you to believe in something until you have heard it from us!'
6 عَن أَبِي بَصِيرٍ فِي حَدِيثٍ قَالَ: فَلْيُشَرِّقِ الْحَكَمُ وَ لْيُغَرِّبْ أَمَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا يُصِيبُ الْعِلْمَ إِلَّا مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَبْرَئِيل
Al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 399
Abu Basir said: '(Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him) said to me: 'Let Hakam (son of Utaybah) go to the east and go to the west, be aware that by Allah, knowledge is not obtained except from the Ahl al-Bayt upon whom Gabriel descended!''
7 عَنْ زَيْدٍ الشَّحَّامِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلْيَنْظُرِ الْإِنْسانُ إِلى طَعامِهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ: مَا طَعَامُهُ قَالَ عِلْمُهُ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُهُ عَمَّنْ يَأْخُذُهُ
Al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 49
Zayd al-Shahham said: 'Regarding verse 24 of Surah Abasa where Allah, the Almighty, says: 'Let man look at his food,' I said to Imam Baqir, peace be upon him: 'What is his food?' meaning: '(He should consider) from whom he takes the knowledge!''
In the narrations from the infallible Imams, peace be upon them, no instruction has been mentioned for placing a ring with the names of the infallibles, peace be upon them, under the tongue of the deceased or in his grave. Therefore, this act has no religious or lawful basis or place for practice, because according to the above narrations and others, we are only obligated to take our religious knowledge from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him and his family, and the infallible Imams, peace be upon them.
What has been narrated from Sayyid ibn Tawus about his grandfather Waram ibn Abi Faris's will to place an agate containing the names of the infallibles, peace be upon them, has no traditional basis, and it is strange that some have considered this act of a non-infallible to be recommended!
Burying a ring with the deceased, given the lack of a religious basis, is considered a form of innovation, extravagance, and wasting of wealth.
اللَّهُمَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ