Question 1078: What is talebearing and what is its ruling?

232 13 Feb 2021
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✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِاللَّهِ عليه السلام، قَالَ: لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ سَافِكُ الدَّمِ، وَ لَاشَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ، وَ لَا مَشَّاءٌ بِنَمِيم‏

Imam al-Sadiq (peace of God be upon him) said: A person who sheds blood, nor a person who drinks wine, nor a person who takes steps for talebearing will not enter Paradise!

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 7, p. 273

2 عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّه أَ لَا أُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِشِرَارِكُمْ قَالُوا بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ الْمَشَّاءُونَ بِالنَّمِيمَةِ الْمُفَرِّقُونَ بَيْنَ الْأَحِبَّةِ الْبَاغُونَ لِلْبُرَآءِ الْمَعَايِبَ.

Imam al-Sadiq (peace of God be upon him) said: The Messenger of God (peace of God be upon him and his family) said: Shall I not inform you of the worst of you? They said: Yes, O Messenger of God! He said: Those who take steps for talebearing and cause separation between friends and seek faults in those who are free and pure from faults!

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 369

3 عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ: مُحَرَّمَةٌ الْجَنَّةُ عَلَى الْقَتَّاتِينَ الْمَشَّاءِينَ بِالنَّمِيمَة

Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: Paradise is forbidden for talebearers, those who take steps in talebearing!

📚 Al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 369

4 عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ لَهُ قَالَ: يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ الْقَتَّاتُ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الْقَتَّاتُ قَالَ النَّمَّامُ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ- صَاحِبُ النَّمِيمَةِ لَا يَسْتَرِيحُ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ فِي الْآخِرَة

The Messenger of God (peace of God be upon him and his family) said in his will to Abu Dharr (may God have mercy on him): O Abu Dharr, a 'qattat' will not enter Paradise! I said: O Messenger of God, who is a 'qattat'? He said: A 'nammam' (talebearer)! O Abu Dharr, the one who does 'namimah' and talebearing will not be saved from the divine punishment in the afterlife and will not be at ease!

📚 Amali Shaykh Tusi, p. 537

5 فِي عِقَابِ الْأَعْمَالِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي خُطْبَةٍ لَهُ‏ وَ مَنْ مَشَى فِي نَمِيمَةٍ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ سَلَّطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي قَبْرِهِ نَاراً تُحْرِقُهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْ قَبْرِهِ سَلَّطَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ تِنِّيناً أَسْوَدَ يَنْهَشُ لَحْمَهُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ النَّارَ.

The Messenger of God (peace of God be upon him and his family) said: The one who does talebearing and takes steps between two people, God will set a fire upon him in his grave that will burn him until the Day of Judgment, and when he comes out of his grave, He will set a black dragon upon him that will bite his flesh until he enters the fire!

📚 'Uqab al-A'mal, p. 284

6 عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَرُمَتِ الْجَنَّةُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ النَّمَّامِ وَ مُدْمِنِ الْخَمْرِ وَ الدَّيُّوثِ وَ هُوَ الْفَاجِرُ.

Imam al-Kazim (peace of God be upon him) said: Paradise has been forbidden for three people: the talebearer, the perpetual wine drinker (i.e., someone who drinks wine whenever he finds it), and the 'dayyuth' who is a debauchee.

📚 'Uqab al-A'mal, p. 262

7 عَنْ دَاوُدَ الشَّعِيرِيِّ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ صَاحِبِ الْمَنْصُورِ أَنَّ الصَّادِقَ قَالَ لِلْمَنْصُورِ لَا تَقْبَلْ فِي ذِي رَحِمِكَ وَ أَهْلِ الرِّعَايَةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ قَوْلَ مَنْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَ مَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ فَإِنَّ النَّمَّامَ شَاهِدُ زُورٍ وَ شَرِيكُ إِبْلِيسَ فِي الْإِغْرَاءِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ الحدیث

Imam al-Sadiq (peace of God be upon him) in a hadith said to Mansur al-Dawaniqi (may God curse him): Do not accept the words of a person whom God has forbidden Paradise and whose place is the fire, concerning your relatives and the guardians from your Ahl al-Bayt, for the talebearer is a lying witness and a partner of Iblis in enmity and causing discord among people!

📚 Amali Saduq, p. 490

8️⃣ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى‏ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَوْحَى إِلَى مُوسَى أَنَّ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِكَ يَنُمُّ عَلَيْكَ فَاحْذَرْهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ لَا أَعْرِفُهُ فَأَخْبِرْنِي بِهِ حَتَّى أَعْرِفَهُ فَقَالَ يَا مُوسَى عِبْتُ عَلَيْهِ النَّمِيمَةَ وَ تُكَلِّفُنِي أَنْ أَكُونَ نَمَّاماً فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ وَ كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ قَالَ يَا مُوسَى فَرِّقْ أَصْحَابَكَ عَشَرَةً عَشَرَةً ثُمَّ أَقْرِعْ بَيْنَهُمْ فَإِنَّ السَّهْمَ يَقَعُ عَلَى الْعَشَرَةِ الَّتِي هُوَ فِيهِمْ ثُمَّ تُفَرِّقُهُمْ وَ تُقْرِعُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَإِنَّ السَّهْمَ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى الرَّجُلُ أَنَّ السِّهَامَ تُقْرَعُ قَامَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَا صَاحِبُكَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا أَعُودُ أَبَداً.

Imam al-Sadiq (peace of God be upon him) said: Indeed, God revealed to Moses that one of your companions is doing talebearing against you, so beware of him!

Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) said: I do not know him, inform me so that I may know him! God said: O Moses, I find fault with him for talebearing, and you ask me to be a talebearer!

Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) said: O my Lord, what should I do? He said: O Moses, separate your companions ten by ten and cast lots among them, for the lot will fall on the group of 10 that person is among, then separate that group of ten and cast lots among them, for the lot will fall on that person!

When that man saw the arrows of the lot being cast, he stood up and said: O Messenger of God, I am that person, and by God, I will never return to this act (of talebearing)!

📚 Wasa'il al-Shi'ah, vol. 12, p. 310

9️⃣ فی حدیث عن الامام الصادق صلوات اللَّه علیه قال : إِنَّ مِنْ‏ أَكْبَرِ السِّحْرِ النَّمِيمَةَ يُفَرَّقُ‏ بِهَا بَيْنَ الْمُتَحَابَّيْنِ وَ يُجْلَبُ الْعَدَاوَةُ عَلَى الْمُتَصَافِيَيْنِ وَ يُسْفَكُ بِهَا الدِّمَاءُ وَ يُهْدَمُ بِهَا الدُّورُ وَ يُكْشَفُ بِهَا السُّتُورُ وَ النَّمَّامُ أَشَرُّ مَنْ وَطِئَ الْأَرْض‏

Imam al-Sadiq (peace of God be upon him) said: Indeed, one of the greatest forms of magic is talebearing ('namimah'), for through talebearing, separation occurs between two friends and it causes and brings about enmity between sincere and truthful friends, and blood is shed through talebearing, and houses are destroyed, and veils are torn and violated, and the talebearer is the worst person who has ever walked on earth!

📚 Al-Ihtijaj, vol. 2, p. 340

✅ In the linguistic meaning of 'nammam' it is stated:

Al-nammam is an intensive form of 'namma': it is the act of doing talebearing between people to cause enmity among them.

Meaning: 'Nammam' is an intensive form for someone who works hard among people to cause enmity among them through talebearing.

This meaning is evident in narrations 2, 7, and others.

رَجُلٌ نَمَّامٌ : مَنْ يُحَدِّثُ النَّاسَ بِأَقْوَالِ الآخَرِينَ فِيهِمْ لِلْإِفْسَادِ وَإِيقَاعِ الفِتْنَةِ بَيْنَهُمْ

Translation: A 'nammam' person: someone who tells people the words of others about them to cause corruption and sow discord among them.

✅ Likewise, in a hadith, Imam al-Sadiq (peace of God be upon him) says about the effects of talebearing:

إِيَّاكَ‏ وَ النَّمِيمَةَ فَإِنَّهَا تَزْرَعَ الشَّحْنَاءَ فِي قُلُوبِ الرِّجَال‏...

Beware of talebearing, for indeed it plants (the seeds of) hatred and enmity in the hearts of men.

📚 Bihar, vol. 75, p. 201

✅ The condemnation and severe punishment of talebearing and 'namimah' are clear in the above narrations and others, and it is necessary to stop narrating the opinions of others about people, which causes hatred, corruption, and enmity among them, so that we do not fall into the great sin of talebearing.

اللَّهُمَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ