Question 898: In the expiation for an oath or a fast, etc., where we must feed 10 or 60 needy people, should it be given to 10 or 60 separate individuals, or can all of it be given to one or two needy people?

247 13 Feb 2021
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Answer

✅Answer: Please pay attention to the following narrations:

1 عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فِي الْكَفَّارَةِ إِلَّا الرَّجُلَ وَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَيُكَرِّرُ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يَسْتَكْمِلَ الْعَشَرَةَ يُعْطِيهِمُ الْيَوْمَ ثُمَّ يُعْطِيهِمْ غَداً.

📚 Al-Kafi Vol. 7, p. 453

Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said: The Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) said: If in the matter of expiation (for an oath or a vow) a person does not find anyone except one or two people, then he must repeat it upon them until ten are completed, in a way that he gives them (one 'mudd') today and gives it tomorrow as well (until the number is completed).

2 عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ إِطْعَامِ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ أَوْ إِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً أَيُجْمَعُ ذَلِكَ لِإِنْسَانٍ وَاحِدٍ يُعْطَاهُ قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ يُعْطَى إِنْسَاناً إِنْسَاناً كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قُلْتُ فَيُعْطِيهِ الرَّجُلُ قَرَابَتَهُ إِنْ كَانُوا مُحْتَاجِينَ قَالَ نَعَمْ الْحَدِيثَ.

📚 Al-Tahdhib Vol. 8, p. 298

Ishaq ibn Ammar said: I asked Imam al-Kazim (peace be upon him) about feeding ten needy people or feeding sixty needy people, whether it can be gathered for one single person and given to him? He said: No! Rather, it is given to each individual as Allah the Almighty has commanded (meaning, one 'mudd' is given to each person).

I said: Can a person give it to his needy relatives? He said: Yes!

✅ From the two narrations above, it is clear that if a person is obligated to feed ten or sixty needy people for the expiation of an oath or the expiation of a fast, and so on, he must give one 'mudd' of food to each needy person until ten or sixty needy people are completed. And if he does not find the necessary number of needy people, he repeats giving the expiation to those he has found day by day until it is completed.

So a person who is obligated to feed 60 needy people for the expiation of a fast, must find 60 needy people and give one 'mudd' to each of them. But if he does not find this number, he gives one 'mudd' day by day to the number he has found until 60 'mudds' of food are completed. And gathering it all and giving it to one needy person in a single go is forbidden in the second narration, and the Quran also says in Surah Al-Mujadilah, verse 4, regarding the expiation for 'zihar':

.... فَإِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا...

Meaning: feeding sixty needy people.

And regarding the expiation for an oath in Surah Al-Ma'idah, verse 89, it says:

... إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ....

Meaning: feeding ten needy people!

Therefore, finding the necessary number of needy people is also mentioned in the Quran, and it is necessary to be careful in this matter.

✅ Let us pray more for the hastening of the 'Faraj' (relief) of our Master:

اللَّهُمَّ فَصَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَجِّلْ لِوَلِیِّکَ الْفَرَجَ وَ الْعَافِیَةَ وَ النَّصْرَ